... and the mushroom bodies. These findings further support current attempts to use metabolites derived from plants as protectors against impairments produced by pesticides. * Authors for correspondence ( danramirez@unal.edu.co ; ajosafat@arizona.edu ) Competing interests Part of the results presented...

..., but how these memories are mapped to the brain remains poorly understood. To address this gap in our understanding, we collected bees that successfully learned visual associations in a conditioned aversion paradigm and compared gene expression correlates of memory formation in the mushroom bodies...

... expression profiling via RNA sequencing was performed on the mushroom bodies, a region of the brain known for multi-modal sensory integration and responsive to various types of reward. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the onset of mating (623 genes) were enriched for the gene ontology...

... inhibition and knockdown disrupts both early and late phases of olfactory long-term memory in the honeybee but leaves acquisition and MTM intact. CaMKII Insect Olfactory learning Long-term memory Mushroom bodies Higher-order neuronal processes such as learning and memory are crucial...

..., there is currently limited information on the neural basis of insect spatial learning. We found that Egr , an insect homolog of Egr-1 , is rapidly and transiently upregulated in the mushroom bodies in response to orientation. This result is the first example of an Egr-1 homolog acting as a learning-related immediate...