... accurately predict both is therefore an essential tool in biomechanics research. Currently, the Hill muscle model ( Hill, 1938 ) is most used in musculoskeletal modelling (e.g. Delp et al., 2007 ; Lee et al., 2013 ; Lai et al., 2014 ; Biewener et al., 2014 ). Musculoskeletal models using the Hill model...

... of muscle action. We describe here a complementary approach for developing and validating muscle models, using in situ measurements of muscle actions. We characterized the actions of two rat hindlimb muscles: the gracilis posticus (GRp) and the posterior head of biceps femoris (BFp; excluding the anterior...