... behaviour during diagonal-style cross-country roller skiing at three speed and incline conditions to examine whether skiers can exploit energy-saving mechanisms of the muscle–tendon unit. We assessed lower leg muscle and muscle–tendon unit mechanics and muscle activity in 13 high-level skiers during...

... and their power output should be consistent with known muscle properties if the total duration of muscle activity is known. Using the Cuban tree frog, Osteopilus septentrionalis , I measured jumping performance from kinematics and used EMG measurements of three major jumping muscles to determine the duration...

... production. The force-rate cost could contribute substantially to the overall cost of movements that require cyclic muscle activation, such as locomotion. * Author for correspondence ([email protected]) Competing interests The authors declare no competing or financial interests. 25...

... reference state and sarcomere length instability does not necessarily correlate with sarcomere length non-uniformity and should therefore not be treated as the same phenomenon. Skeletal muscle myofibril Sarcomere length instability Sarcomere length dispersion Muscle activation Residual force...

... joint velocity calculated using the slack test method increased whereas V F decreased with muscle activation level (P ≤0.03). Passive and low-level quick releases elicited higher V F values (≥41.8±10.7 cm s −1) compared with the ballistic condition (36.3±8.7 cm s −1), while quick releases applied at 60...

... within muscle sarcomeres, is activated upon Ca 2+ influx in skeletal muscle. Titin Connectin Muscle activation Muscular dystrophy with myositis (mdm) Elastic recoil Like Lopez et al. (2008) in mdm diaphragm, we observed that maximum isometric force is reduced in mdm soleus...

...Sina David; Johannes Funken; Wolfgang Potthast; Alexander Blanke ABSTRACT Insects show a great variety of mouthpart and muscle configurations; however, knowledge of their mouthpart kinematics and muscle activation patterns is fragmentary. Understanding the role of muscle groups during movement...

... force Muscle activation Muscle-tendon architecture At the level of myofibril and sarcomere organization, the underlying machinery of vertebrate striated muscle is highly conserved in terms of the proteins that serve as molecular motors to produce force and change length, the regulatory...

... of the sandfish during walking, burial and swimming, here we use high-speed X-ray and visible light imaging with synchronized electromyogram (EMG) recordings of epaxial muscle activity. While moving on the surface, body undulation was not observed and EMG showed no muscle activation. During subsurface sand...

...) 29 3 2005 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2005 2005 muscle activation strain swimming lamnid Isurus Previous studies have examined the role of skeletal muscle in the mechanics of steady swimming of a number of bony fish species (reviewed in Altringham and Ellerby...

... of the fish. This study was then extended to include a different species of salmonid, brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis , to explore the generality of TnT modulation of muscle activation. Muscle contractile properties were determined from anterior and posterior muscle, and relative expression of S1 and S2...

...% in the posterior body position. Strain was in-phase with local midline curvature. In addition, strain amplitude calculated from a bending beam model closely matched strain measured using sonomicrometry at all three body positions. There is a high degree of similarity in red muscle activation patterns along...

...Boris I. Prilutsky; Robert J. Gregor SUMMARY There has been no consistent explanation as to why humans prefer changing their gait from walking to running and from running to walking at increasing and decreasing speeds, respectively. This study examined muscle activation as a possible determinant...

... 96744-5297, USA 25 04 1999 19 07 1999 muscle activation muscle strain electromyography tuna Katsuwonus pelamis swimming red muscle sonomicrometry The axial muscle that powers undulatory swimming in fishes is complex in structure as well as dynamic function...