...Gayathri Kondakath; Barry A. Trimmer ABSTRACT This study focuses on the nociceptive responses observed in the tobacco hornworm ( Manduca sexta ). While prior investigations have described the sensory neurons and muscle activation patterns associated with the ‘strike’ behavior, there remains a gap...

... prey (30–37% body mass), all Boa constrictor tested could perform rectilinear locomotion in the region with the food bolus despite a greatly increased distance between the ribs and the ventral skin that likely lengthens muscles relevant to propulsion. Unexpectedly, out of 11 kinematic variables, only...

...Elizabeth Mendoza; Maya Martinez; Jeffrey P. Olberding; Emanuel Azizi ABSTRACT Changes in temperature alter muscle kinetics and in turn affect whole-organism performance. Some organisms use the elastic recoil of biological springs, structures which are far less temperature sensitive, to power...

... an imposed displacement and the torque generated in response. Ankle impedance in the sagittal plane depends strongly on the triceps surae and Achilles tendon, but their relative contributions remain unknown. It is commonly assumed that ankle impedance is controlled by changing muscle activation and, thereby...

...Nikolaos Papachatzis; Samuel F. Ray; Kota Z. Takahashi ABSTRACT Foot structures define the leverage in which the ankle muscles push off against the ground during locomotion. While prior studies have indicated that inter-individual variation in anthropometry (e.g. heel and hallux lengths) can...

... for the study of tetrapod locomotor biomechanics have matured in recent decades. Here, we summarise their progress, relevance and potential. Animation Bone Dynamics Gait Muscle Optimization Horizon 2020 http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010661 695517 The Royal Veterinary College...

... and behaviour. More specifically, in light of current literature, this Review focuses on evaluating the acute and chronic effects of temperature on the mechanical function of muscle tissues. For ectotherms, maximal muscle performance typically occurs at temperatures approximating the natural environment...

... between individuals within species and across species. Differences in morphology affect COT, but the physiological mechanisms underlying variation in COT remain unresolved. Candidates include mitochondrial efficiency and the efficiency of muscle contraction–relaxation dynamics. Animals can offset...

..., athletic performance was positively correlated with muscle content and body condition, consistent with the individual quality hypothesis. In pond fish, there was only a relationship between glycolytic white muscle and aquatic burst performance. Notably, pond fish were in better body condition, which may...

... and contract muscle, sometimes at the expense of other activities or expression of traits. Nevertheless, convergent pathways have also evolved to deal with critical trade-offs that are necessary to survive ubiquitous environmental challenges. We discuss how whole-animal performance traits, such as locomotion...

... and resistance to oxidative stress during fasting. However, the cellular mechanisms that regulate these adaptations are still not fully understood. To examine how metabolic coordination is achieved during prolonged fasting, we profiled changes in blubber, skeletal muscle and plasma proteomes of adult female NES...

...Ignacio Simó; Mariano Faggiani; Daniel A. Fernandez; Andrés A. Sciara; Silvia E. Arranz ABSTRACT This study evaluates white muscle growth and in vivo cell proliferation during a fasting and refeeding trial, using pejerrey ( Odontesthes bonariensis ) as animal model, in order to better understand...

...David S. Brooks; Kumar Vishal; Simranjot Bawa; Adrienne Alder; Erika R. Geisbrecht ABSTRACT Muscle atrophy, or a decline in muscle protein mass, is a significant problem in the aging population and in numerous disease states. Unraveling molecular signals that trigger and promote atrophy may lead...

...Christopher J. Mayerl; Kendall E. Steer; Almasi M. Chava; Laura E. Bond; Chloe E. Edmonds; Francois D. H. Gould; Tobin L. Hieronymous; Christopher J. Vinyard; Rebecca Z. German ABSTRACT The function of a muscle is impacted by its line of action, activity timing and contractile characteristics when...

..., 1974 ; Dagg, 1973 ; Garland, 1983 ). Yet it is unclear whether bone strength can explain why rhinos are so athletic even at ∼3000 kg, or whether bone strength is a side effect of other adaptations that are more closely linked to maximal speed capacity, such as muscle or tendon strength. Intriguingly...

... of elevating tissue temperature to increase the rate of chemical processes. Yet, movement performance that is robust to changes in body temperature has been observed in numerous species. This thermally robust performance appears exceptional in light of the well-documented effects of temperature on muscle...

..., showed altered migratory behaviour (daily activity and Zugunruhe onset), and enhanced muscle growth and plasma testosterone levels, but showed no effect on testis growth. Temperature was perceived at both peripheral and central levels, and affected multiple molecular drivers culminating...

... Metabolism Muscle Oxygen stores Pinniped Sonar The lifestyles of marine mammals, and the habitats in which they reside, are diverse, resulting in a range of diving capabilities as measured by maximal achieved dive depth or duration. For example, Pacific white-sided dolphins ( Lagenorhynchus...

...Jackey Chen; Parastoo Mashouri; Stephanie Fontyn; Mikella Valvano; Shakeap Elliott-Mohamed; Alex M. Noonan; Stephen H. M. Brown; Geoffrey A. Power ABSTRACT The increase or decrease in isometric force following active muscle lengthening or shortening, relative to a reference isometric contraction...

... from the limb flexors; however, skeletal muscle mass of sloths is reduced compared with other arboreal mammals. Although suspensory locomotion demands that muscles are active to counteract the pull of gravity, it is possible that sloths minimize muscle activation and/or selectively recruit slow motor...