...Judy Shamoun-Baranes; Kees C. J. Camphuysen ABSTRACT Animal migrations, or long-distance movements, on land, through water or in the air, are considered energetically costly because of the investment in persistent locomotion typical for migration. Diverse strategies exist to manage these energetic...

...Min Tan; Jeremiah Y. O. Chan; Long Yu; Eunice J. Tan; Daiqin Li ABSTRACT Motion and camouflage were previously considered to be mutually exclusive, as sudden movements can be easily detected. Background matching, for instance, is a well-known, effective camouflage strategy where the colour...

... Summary: Comparative animal studies and neuromechanical modeling have revealed diversity in the integration of feedback and feedforward control, related to body size, mechanical stability, time to locomotor maturity and movement speed. Neural oscillators Spinal circuits Nervous system Movement...

... from acceleration–depth data loggers show that during chick rearing, European shags ( Gulosus aristotelis ) did not follow classical optimal foraging rules but instead foraged opportunistically. Acceleration Central-place foraging Dive bout Foraging trip Habitats Movement Opportunistic...

...: The development of high-resolution, three-dimensional (3D) motion data has sparked significant paradigm shifts in comparative biomechanics, enabling the emergence of new questions as well as the reinterpretation of long-standing scientific concerns. History Movement Three-dimension Motion capture...

... movements were of lower magnitude for all degrees of freedom examined (jaw protraction, yaw and pitch), and were bilaterally symmetrical with virtually no yaw. The magnitude of tongue protraction–retraction (Tx t ), relative to a mandibular coordinate system, was greater during mastication than during...

... of elevating tissue temperature to increase the rate of chemical processes. Yet, movement performance that is robust to changes in body temperature has been observed in numerous species. This thermally robust performance appears exceptional in light of the well-documented effects of temperature on muscle...

...Jiamin Sun; Jean-François Hamel; Annie Mercier ABSTRACT Although movement in response to environmental conditions represents a fundamental link between animal behaviour and population ecology, it is rarely investigated in suspension feeders because they are generally perceived as sessile. Here...

... by rolling to illuminate the adaptive value of morphology in the context of nesting habitat. Morphology Avian eggs Movement Rolling Alcidea Uria aalge The shape of a bird's egg and its functional significance have intrigued naturalists for hundreds of years while also presenting modern...

...Rebecca Wheatley; Christofer J. Clemente; Amanda C. Niehaus; Diana O. Fisher; Robbie S. Wilson ABSTRACT Movement speed can underpin an animal's probability of success in ecological tasks. Prey often use agility to outmanoeuvre predators; however, faster speeds increase inertia and reduce agility...

...Steven J. Newman; Bruce C. Jayne ABSTRACT A central issue for understanding locomotion of vertebrates is how muscle activity and movements of their segmented axial structures are coordinated, and snakes have a longitudinal uniformity of body segments and diverse locomotor behaviors that are well...

... efficiency of finding foothold by avoiding searching-movements in trailing legs. In stick insects, a ‘targeting mechanism’ has been described that guides foot-placement of hind- and middle legs according to the position of their leading ipsilateral leg. So far, this mechanism has been shown for standing...

... allowing them to hold on to narrow substrates. However, almost nothing is known about the effects of substrate characteristics on locomotion in frogs. Here, we quantified the 3D kinematics of forelimb movement for frogs moving across branches of different diameters (1 and 40 mm) and two different inclines...

... carried out in a fins-first direction. Temporal summation of such climb-and-glide events underlies a rich assortment of vertical movements that can reach vertical velocities of 3 m s −1 . In contrast to such rapid movements, D. gigas spends more than 80% of total time gliding at a vertical velocity...

... and the environment need further investigation. Fig. 2. Embryonic physical activity and body growth measurements. (A,B) Total number of in ovo body movements over a 5 min period on ED5–10 in layer and broiler embryos incubated at either 37.5°C (LC and BC) or 38.5°C (LT and BT) during ED4–7. (C,D) Body mass...

... at sites with wave action in urchin barrens. To evaluate the potential anti-attachment effect of algal mats on sea urchins, a laboratory tank experiment was performed on the movement of Strongylocentrotus nudus sea urchins and their grazing on juvenile kelp plants at the center of 30×30 cm flat test...

... that transmission efficiency plays a similar role in form–function relationships for skeletal systems in a diversity of animals. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 30 11 2011 © 2012. 2012 predation movement feeding Crustacea kinematic transmission four-bar linkage...

... 2010. 2010 movement vision Salticidae decision making cognition psychophysics The quantification of perceptual thresholds allows for the assessment of the abilities and limitations of an animal's sensory system. It also permits an understanding of how brains ‘filter’ an overabundance...

... systems. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 6 8 2007 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2007 2007 power amplification predation movement feeding speed acceleration Crustacea kinematic transmission four-bar linkage model All animals face...

... to 38.5°C, during embryonic days (ED) 4–7 causes profound changes in development. We demonstrate that embryonic movement is significantly increased in the chicks raised at 38.5°C both during the period in which they are at the higher temperature but also 4 days after their return to the control...