... precise timing of single muscles does not produce precise turns, highlighting the importance of coordination across the entire motor program. Motor control Neuromechanics Manduca sexta Muscle coordination Insect flight Stimulation References Agrawal , S. , Tobalske , B. W...

..., distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. Summary: The kinematics of walking behavior in Drosophila can be decomposed into general aspects of motor output and idiosyncrasies of individual flies. Variability Motor control Legged...

... its protective effect while administering flumazenil. We found that oral administration of fipronil impaired motor control and walking ability. In contrast, kaempferol was innocuous and protected flies from developing the motor-impaired phenotype, whereas the co-administration of flumazenil...

... arm functional properties emerge from muscle contractile properties and limb anatomical organization and underpin behavioral ‘specialization’ of arm portions. Muscle biomechanics Octopus Motor control Invertebrate muscles Muscular hydrostat Force–length relationship Seventh...

... reveals that equally preferable gaits do not translate into energy minimization. Metabolic cost Gait Locomotion Motor control Two-alternative forced-choice Utility theory National Institutes of Health 5T32EB009406 R01NS063399 Northwestern University http://dx.doi.org...

... enormous relevance in the context of motor control, as it can reduce oscillation in motion, decrease the need for corrective neural control ( Franklin et al., 2004 ) and, in general, increase motion stability. Damping is especially relevant for aquatic animals that must cope with fluid dynamic forces...

... are tightly coupled to shooting, particularly a rapid forward flap of the pectoral fins that sets in just before onset of the jet. Motor control Fins Stability Temporal precision Neuroethology ...

... side of the body and involve both co-activation and anterior–posterior phase delays. Motor control Pain Strike behavior Soft bodied Neuromechanics In articulated animals with stiff skeletons, movement is produced by muscles working antagonistically around joints to produce...

..., animals alter their gait in response to changes in the stiffness ( Ferris et al., 1999 ) or tendency to yield of the substrate on which they move as, for example, when running on sand ( Li et al., 2013 ). Gait Proleg Locomotion Climbing Motor control Highlighted Article: The stepping...

... brain region may play a general role in a wide variety of insect orientation behaviours. Lateral accessory lobe Insect navigation Orientation Motor control Central complex The behavioural repertoire of insects includes a variety of sensory-driven orientation behaviours ( Heinze, 2017...

... between antagonistic muscles likely acts to stiffen the fin system in order to enhance control and stability. EMG Fish Propulsion Motor control Sensory feedback Transection The pectoral fins of fishes perform dual and interacting roles as motors and sensors. As motors, the pectoral fins...

... rhythmic movements. Here, I discuss how it can be applied to the control of complex, non-rhythmic, learned stereotypical activity sequences. CPG Fixed action pattern Motor control Rhythm In 1911, Thomas Graham Brown demonstrated that a cat spinal cord can produce rhythmic output to limb...

... that vision plays a role in pecking adjustments only before movement initiation in pigeons, whereas crows may use vison during movement. Columba livia Corvus macrorhynchos Reaching Grasping Motor control Pecking behaviour is the fundamental motor repertoire in avian foraging...

... central complex are involved in guiding multiple navigation strategies, and the emerging core circuit for navigational decisions might provide an overarching framework of central-complex function. Neuroanatomy Insect brain Motor control Navigation Sensory integration A defining feature...

... insects use different leg coordination patterns in a speed-dependent way. Motor control Locomotion Insect walking Gait Walking is an important behavior for most terrestrial animals; in many species, it is the primary mode of locomotion used in various contexts such as foraging, migrating...

... and motor learning in novel environments. Biomechanics Motor control Locomotor adaptation Mechanical work Split-belt treadmill In walking animals, each leg uses muscular activation to perform mechanical work to propel the body forward and maintain upright posture. In doing so, the work...

....   91 , 71 - 91 . Deich , J. , Klein , B. and Zeigler , P. ( 1985 ). Grasping in the pigeon: mechanisms of motor control . Brain Res.   337 , 362 - 367 . 10.1016/0006-8993(85)90076-9 Delius , J. D. ( 1985 ). The peck of the pigeon: free for all . In Behaviour...

.../user-licence-1-1/ Summary: Leg amputation in fruit flies reveals that during walking inter-leg coordination strength increases with walking speed, thereby facilitating strict coordination during fast locomotion. Motor control Locomotion Insect walking Sensory feedback Inter-leg...

... prior to strikes has been demonstrated in prior research on Squilla empusa and Hemisquilla ensigera ( californiensis ) ( Burrows, 1969 ; Burrows and Hoyle, 1972 ); however, the researchers were unable to elicit reliable striking behavior, and thus were not able to determine whether motor control...

... and sustained changes in pitch. These observations are consistent with a model of motor control where elevation is directed through the differential activation of the epaxial and hypaxial musculature. This 3D motion could serve to enhance evasiveness by varying elevation without slowing the escape from...