... antagonism had the effect of reducing, rather than increasing, overall activity. Context-specific effects of DA signalling are not unexpected in birds, as it was previously shown that DA affects the motivation to sing ( Schroeder and Riters, 2006 ) but in a manner that is specific to certain social contexts...

...Martyna J. Grabowska; James Steeves; Julius Alpay; Matthew Van De Poll; Deniz Ertekin; Bruno van Swinderen ABSTRACT Visual decision making in animals is influenced by innate preferences as well as experience. Interaction between hard-wired responses and changing motivational states determines...

.../ Summary: Wasps responded flexibly to varying reward conditions by maximising intake rate at unlimited flow and switching to the optimisation of foraging efficiency when the intake rate could not be enhanced due to a limited flow rate. Energetics Foraging Motivation Metabolic rate...

... The authors declare no competing financial interests. 13 5 2014 20 6 2014 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Feeding behaviour Motivation Progressive ratio Running wheel Voluntary exercise Traditionally, experiments in exercise physiology have been...

... compressa ) performs a delicate brain surgery on its prey (the American cockroach Periplaneta americana ) to take away its motivation to initiate locomotion. Following a brief background account of parasitoid wasps that manipulate host behaviour, we survey specific aspects of the unique effects...

..., the last pigeons disappear straightforward from the release site. The question is whether this reflects improved orientation because of prolonged exposure to the release place or whether it reflects increased homing motivation. By releasing pigeons from a familiar site, we investigated the effects...

... and heat, and that the motivation to feed depend on the time elapsed since a blood meal. Depending on the time elapsed after feeding, the same concentration of CO 2 may attract or repel the insects. As far as we know, this is the first time that a host signal has been shown to be repellent...

... to any lamb's bleats, while lambs continued responding to the bleats of their mothers, but significantly less than 30 min after nursing. Nursing therefore appears to play an important role in structuring very early vocal communication between the mother and her neonate. In turn, if the motivational state...

.... longer than 10 min), LTM was present. We could further interfere with LTM formation by inducing inhibitory learning (i.e. backward conditioning) after the one-trial conditioning. Finally, we examined whether we could motivate snails to acquire LTM by depriving them of food for 5 days before the one-trial...

... foraging motivation thermoregulation flight energetics Like many other endothermic insects, honeybees regulate their thoracic temperature ( T th ) relatively well during flight over a substantial range of air temperatures ( T a ) ( Coelho, 1991 ; Heinrich, 1993 ). Thermal stability...

... recordings from NP1 in a semi-intact preparation show a change in firing pattern during an experimentally induced increase in prostate gland volume. The results indicate that NP1 serves as a nervous pathway for the male sexual drive. We propose a simple motivational model for male sexual behaviour in L...