...Lynne U. Sneddon ABSTRACT Recent developments in the study of pain in animals have demonstrated the potential for pain perception in a variety of wholly aquatic species such as molluscs, crustaceans and fish. This allows us to gain insight into how the ecological pressures and differential life...

...Sergej V. Shabelnikov; Olga A. Bystrova; Vadim A. Ivanov; Boris A. Margulis; Marina Martynova SUMMARY The atrium of the gastropod mollusc Achatina fulica receives rich innervation and contains numerous granular cells (GCs). We studied the atrial innervation and discovered that axon profiles typical...

... suggest, therefore, that TPeps may regulate the activity of ciliated cells responsible for pedal locomotion and other functions in gastropod molluscs. Samples consisting of 10 μl of filtered sea water (FSW) containing serial dilutions of 50 nmol of peptide or control samples of 10 μl of SW were pipetted...

... with regard to stroke volume versus preload, but the heart-rate response was speciesdependent. The argument is developed that the molluscs might functionally apply Starling’s Law of the heart to accommodate increased output during exercise. At the expected in vivo filling pressures the power output of the two...