... oyster species survive and grow at pH levels as low as 6.6 while seawater was undersaturated in calcite and aragonite (Ω C =0.2 and Ω A =0.1). Several studies have reported the ability of molluscs to calcify and grow in corrosive seawater, e.g. the mussels Mytilus edulis in Berge et al. (2006...

...Daniel R. Chappell; Daniel I. Speiser ABSTRACT The marine mollusc Acanthopleura granulata (Mollusca; Polyplacophora) has a distributed visual array composed of hundreds of small image-forming eyes embedded within its eight dorsal shell plates. As in other animals with distributed visual systems, we...

...Melody S. Clark ABSTRACT Much recent marine research has been directed towards understanding the effects of anthropogenic-induced environmental change on marine biodiversity, particularly for those animals with heavily calcified exoskeletons, such as corals, molluscs and urchins. This is because...

... to thousands of eyespots (∼35 µm) distributed across their shell plates; these eyespots are associated with spatial vision. Mollusc Visual ecology Eye evolution Orientation Comparative morphology A diverse set of invertebrates gather spatial information about light using tens to hundreds...

... the way organisms spend their limiting resources on growth, reproduction and survival. We tie this process to learning performance in a snail model of neuronal ageing. Invertebrate Insulin-like peptides Mollusc Neuronal plasticity Life-history optimization Energy budget Starting...

...Elliot Scanes; Laura M. Parker; Wayne A. O'Connor; Laura S. Stapp; Pauline M. Ross ABSTRACT Sessile marine molluscs living in the intertidal zone experience periods of internal acidosis when exposed to air (emersion) during low tide. Relative to other marine organisms, molluscs have been identified...

... sufficient not only for today's needs but also for those in a warmer acidified future. Aerobic scope Global warming Climate change Ocean acidification Gastropod Mollusc Ocean temperature and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) levels are rising and this is projected to continue throughout this century...

... for correspondence ( [email protected] ; [email protected] ) 27 9 2012 13 11 2012 © 2013. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2013 dimorphism Alderia desperate larva hypothesis larval settlement metamorphosis mollusc Planktonic larvae of marine invertebrates are under...

... 5 2012 © 2012. 2012 hypoxia metal pollution mitochondria mollusc proton leak temperature Oxygen deficiency is a common stressor in estuarine and coastal environments, and occurs when respiration by the resident biota (especially micro-organisms) outstrips the oxygen input...

... by a survey of ET studies across animal taxa, including insects, crustaceans, molluscs, lizards, fish, amphibians, birds and mammals. Variability in ETs is examined in terms of ecological significance and morpho-physiological constraints. The survey shows that certain escape strategies (single ETs and highly...

... bivalve functional morphology Great Lakes kinetic energy locomotion mollusc moment of inertia sediment Zebra mussels ( Dreissena polymorpha Pallas 1771) and quagga mussels ( Dreissena bugensis Andrusov 1897) are two highly invasive species that have become established in the Great Lakes...

... stimulated in an identical manner but using water instead of sucrose solution (sham appetitive stimuli). * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 15 11 2010 © 2011. 2011 sleep mollusc model organism Lymnaea stagnalis The study of sleep is growing...

... fixation (photosynthesis). ‘Solar-powered’ sacoglossan molluscs, or sea slugs, have taken this type of symbiotic association one step further by solely harboring the photosynthetic organelle, the plastid (=chloroplast). One such sea slug, Elysia chlorotica , lives as a ‘plant’ when provided with only light...

...-aged animals always reciprocated when coupled with an older aged animal. Thus, the chance Lymnaea reciprocates is inversely related with age. * Author for correspondence( [email protected] ) 7 7 2009 2009 reciprocal copulation mollusc fitness male sexual drive sperm...

...Abdullah M. Khan; Gaynor E. Spencer SUMMARY The aerial respiratory behaviour of the mollusc Lymnaea stagnalis is an important homeostatic behaviour that can be operantly conditioned. The central pattern generator underlying this behaviour, as well as motorneurons innervating the respiratory orifice...

... and labeled with 32 P-αdCTP using the Prime-A-Gene labeling system (Promega, Madison, WI, USA). Labeled probes were used for plaque screening of the lambda-ZAP library sections. The pond snail Helisoma trivolvis Say 1816 is a gastropod mollusc that has been used to explore in depth the 5-HT...

... variation growth temperature adaptation scope for growth lipid remodelling homeoviscous adaptation mollusc aquaculture The physiological components regulating intraspecific growth differences among individuals living in the same environment may be affected by differences in energy acquisition...

... by oysters and mussels during overwintering. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 18 6 2007 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2007 2007 lipid fatty acid triglyceride phospholipid homeoviscous adaptation mollusc temperature adaptation acclimation...

...Oliver R. Braubach; Amanda J. G. Dickinson; Carol C. E. Evans; Roger P. Croll SUMMARY Larval molluscs commonly use ciliated vela to swim and feed. In this study we used immunohistochemistry to demonstrate innervation of velar cilia and muscles by monoaminergic and peptidergic fibres...

... variegatus ( Wong et al., 2004 ), where its catalytic activity induces an oxidative burst at fertilization. However,functions in embryonic or larval development have not yet been investigated. We are currently identifying other peroxidases in sea urchin and mollusc larvae (A. Heyland and L. L. Moroz...