... – are these fishes responsive to gravitational loading? Contrary to the tetrapod-origin hypothesis, we found that terrestrial acclimation reversibly increased gill arch stiffness (∼60% increase) in the amphibious fish Kryptolebias marmoratus when loaded normally by gravity, but not under simulated microgravity...

... by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Biomechanics Locomotion Preferred transition speed Microgravity Froude number In humans and other bipeds, the preferred transition speed (PTS) is the speed at which a subject chooses to change from a walking gait to a running gait. Here, walking is defined...

... values. Day and night non-basal EEs expressed as a percentage of the total 24 h non-basal EE are also shown in Fig. 4 . 2 weeks of simulated microgravity significantly reduced night non-basal EE compared to the isolation period (76.5±4.1 and 87.5±5.3 versus 131.5±4.1 J min –1  kg –0.67 , respectively...

.... Studies on both rats and humans demonstrate a rapid loss of cell mass with microgravity. In rats, a reduction in muscle mass of up to 37% was observed within 1 week. For both species, the antigravity soleus muscle showed greater atrophy than the fast-twitch gastrocnemius. However, in the rat, the slow...

...Donald E. Watenpaugh SUMMARY Space flight exerts substantial effects on fluid volume control in humans. Cardiac distension occurs during the first 1–2 days of space flight relative to supine and especially upright 1 g conditions. Plasma volume contraction occurs quickly in microgravity, probably...

...V. R. Edgerton; G. E. McCall; J. A. Hodgson; J. Gotto; C. Goulet; K. Fleischmann; R. R. Roy SUMMARY Motor function is altered by microgravity, but little detail is available as to what these changes are and how changes in the individual components of the sensorimotor system affect the control...

...Monika Fejtek; Kenneth Souza; Anton Neff; Richard Wassersug ABSTRACT We examined the respiratory behaviours and swimming kinematics of Xenopus laevis tadpoles hatched in microgravity (Space Shuttle), simulated microgravity (clinostat) and hypergravity (3 g centrifuge). All observations were made...

... the optomotor behaviour of Xenopus laevis tadpoles raised in growth chambers in microgravity (<10 −3 g ), normal gravity (1 g ), hypergravity (3 g ) and on a slowly rotating clinostat (simulated microgravity). The goal of this research was to determine how development in an altered gravitational force field...

... acceleration or deceleration step lasted for 5 min. Conditions within the spacecraft are such that only near-weightlessness (microgravity) is achieved (indicated by ‘0 g ’ in Fig. 6 ). The residual acceleration during the ‘threshold experiments’ did not exceed 10 −3 g as measured by accelerometers...