... Locomotion Lepidotrichia Materials Fish Underwater walking has evolved independently many times over the course of evolutionary history and is the main mode of locomotion in many arthropods ( Hu and Bush, 2010 ), echinoderms ( Hennebert et al., 2010 ), skates and rays ( Bilecenoglu and Ekstrom...

...Philip S. L. Anderson ABSTRACT A viper injecting venom into a target, a mantis shrimp harpooning a fish, a cactus dispersing itself via spines attaching to passing mammals; all these are examples of biological puncture. Although disparate in terms of materials, kinematics and phylogeny, all three...