... cold stress diapause signal transduction MAP kinase phosphorylation In addition to the cold hardening mechanisms exploited by overwintering insects that are in diapause, most insects have the capacity to quickly enhance their cold tolerance at other times of the year utilizing a mechanism...

... of Biologists Limited 1998 MAP kinase osmotic stress signal transduction homeostasis programmed cell death molecular evolution In many types of cells, osmotic stress interferes with cell volume and intracellular inorganic ion homeostasis. A notable exception are plant cells, which have...