.... However, those involved in freezing behaviors are much less studied. Here, we investigated the freezing behavior displayed by the crab Neohelice granulata when confronted with a variety of looming stimuli simulating objects of distinct sizes approaching on a collision course at different speeds...

... are not well understood in many animals. Here, we examined these influences in the praying mantis Tenodera sinensis by presenting perching individuals with alternating sinusoidally moving prey-like stimuli and rapidly expanding looming stimuli then scoring their behavior on a defensive–aggressive scale...

... be considered as conservative, as we suspect that the actual behavioural threshold may be closer to PD=0.002–0.004, but confirmation of this will require further investigation. Octopuses responded to looming stimuli varying in polarization contrast alone and were sensitive to very small ΔAoP, particularly...

... and interocular velocity differences, and monocular cues such as looming. Although these have been studied in detail in humans, only looming responses have been well characterized in insects and we know nothing about the role of stereoscopic cues and how they might interact with looming cues. We used our 3D...

... discuss a microcircuit of crab giant neurons, identified based on combined field and laboratory studies, which are involved in controlling naturally occurring prey and predator behaviors. Electrophysiology Escape Insects Looming Neurobiology Neurons Escaping from a sudden predator...

... of motion-sensitive giant neurons projecting from the lobula (third optic neuropil) towards the supraesophageal ganglion. One of these elements, the monostratified lobula giant neuron of type 2 (MLG2), proved to be highly sensitive to looming stimuli (a 2D representation of an object approach...

... fixation on the prey, supporting a sensory basis for the surprising frequency and effectiveness of this tactic found by previous studies. The dynamics of the prey's looming image also suggested that the goshawk used a tau-based interception strategy. We interpret these results in the context of a concise...

... ontogeny in wild crickets . J. Exp. Biol.   210 , 3165 - 3170 . de Vries   S. E. J. , Clandinin   T. R. ( 2012 ). Loom-sensitive neurons link computation to action in the Drosophila visual system . Curr. Biol.   22 , 353 - 362 . Dewell   R. B. , Gabbiani   F. ( 2012...

... maneuver or a landing response. To determine how a fly makes the decision to land on or avoid a looming object, we measured the behaviors generated in response to an expanding image during tethered flight in a visual closed-loop flight arena. During these experiments, each fly varied its wing-stroke...

... and guide rotation of the posterior body over the stem. During larger turns, the legs take lateral steps when lateral tilting is limited by the joints. Slow hiding movements of less than 300 ° s −1 of angular velocity are induced by slowly changing (looming) shapes, and interposed stops or slowing...