... variability Locomotion Visually guided stepping Foundation for the National Institutes of Health http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000009 R21AG075489 Walking with increased step length variability increases the metabolic cost of walking in young adults Adam B. Grimmitt*, Maeve E. Whelan...

... of terrain amplitude and the cube of walking speed. Metabolic energy Biomechanics Locomotion Bipedal walking Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000038 Humans walk on uneven terrain with a variety of biomechanical...

... distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. Locomotion Foot-propulsion Submerged-swimming...

... environments like flour. Tribolium is well developed as a genetic model system; however, little is known about their natural locomotion and how their nervous systems coordinate adaptive movement. Here, we employed videographic whole-animal and leg tracking to assess how Tribolium larvae locomote over different...

.../user-licence-1-1/ Shark Locomotion Kinematics Oscillation Office of Naval Research http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000006 N00014-18-1-2673 N00014-22-1-2187 Harvard Museum Of Comparative Zoology Are swimming fish dual oscillator systems? A case study using...

.... Locomotion Arboreal Jumping Landing Balance control Army Research Office http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000183 W911NF-1810327 W911NF-17-S-002 Free-ranging squirrels perform stable, above-branch landings by balancing using leg force and nonprehensile foot torque Sebastian D. Lee1 Stanley...

... as opposed to propulsive fin chord, results may vary by an order of magnitude with consequences for analysis and hydrodynamic regimes. Here, we suggest a standardized set of lengths and speeds to be used for aquatic animal locomotion to enable confident utilization of data from different sources...

...Herman Pontzer ABSTRACT Movement is energetically costly, requiring muscle activity to support and propel the animal as it walks, runs, climbs, swims or flies. In this Review, I examine the metabolic impact of locomotion over different timescales. During locomotion, whole-body energy expenditure...

..., energetics and ecology relevant to locomotion forms the basis of researchers striving to bridge those divides and providing a common language and perspective. Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Competing interests The authors declare no competing or financial interests...

... of gecko adhesion and locomotion. Key outstanding questions are: (1) How does surface structure influence locomotion? (2) How might geckos modulate adhesion through physiological mechanisms? (3) How do geckos locomote in complex natural habitats that vary in structural properties? (4) What...

... by The Company of Biologists 2025 Summary: Physiology underpins why animals move, so biologging physiological variables in large terrestrial mammals provides mechanistic insights into the drivers and outcomes of animal movements in changing environments. Internal state Navigation Locomotion...

...Glen A. Lichtwark; Luke N. Jessup; Ryan N. Konno; Cristian D. Riveros-Matthey; Taylor J. M. Dick ABSTRACT In this Review, we explore the state of the art of biomechanical models for estimating energy consumption during terrestrial locomotion. We consider different mechanical models that provide...

...Valentina Di Santo; Elsa Goerig ABSTRACT Quantifying the intricate relationship between locomotion, energy expenditure and environmental heterogeneity is pivotal for elucidating the ecological and evolutionary changes in locomotor performance in fishes. This Commentary synthesizes existing research...

...Federico Formenti; Graham N. Askew; Alberto E. Minetti ABSTRACT Humans have developed tools and strategies to improve locomotion performance and safety throughout history. In particular, unusual environmental conditions and danger have pushed the limits of imagination and initiative, laying...

... and emerging research investigating the principle of energy optimization and how it shapes human locomotor mechanics and behaviour. Locomotion Gait Metabolic cost Energy minimization Optimization Biomechanics Government of Canada http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000023 294181 NFRFE...

...James C. Liao ABSTRACT Most of our understanding of fish locomotion has focused on elementary behaviors such as steady swimming and escape responses in simple environments. As the field matures, increasing attention is being paid to transient and unsteady behaviors that characterize more complex...

.... Published by The Company of Biologists 2025 http://www.biologists.com/user-licence-1-1/ Locomotion Tube feet Echinoderms Phototaxis Rudimentary nervous system Collective behavior The directional control of phototaxis in sea stars (Protoreaster nodosus) Theodora Po*, Lenny Korob...

... are associated with locomotive performance within and among species is an exciting research direction at the nexus of biomechanics and ecology. Further research within and across species, life stages and experimental designs is needed to identify the range of natural conditions and where our performance...

..., Maratus splendens , which exhibit the fastest acceleration among any known jumping spiders. Salticidae Jumping spider Locomotion High-speed videography µCT Maratus Australian Research Council http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000923 DP220102836 DP250104339 AINSE Ltd...

... that potentially allow them to meet conflicting demands. Muscle contraction Contractile velocity Twitch time Contractile properties Muscle fatigue Feeding Locomotion Bite force National Science Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001 IOS-2038528 Human Frontier Science...