...Yannick Günzel; Josef Schmitz; Volker Dürr ABSTRACT Terrestrial locomotor behavior in variable environments requires resilience to sudden changes in substrate properties. For example, walking animals can adjust to substantial changes in slope and corresponding changes in load distribution among...

... work to replace the energy lost against the dissipative fluid load. Where in the upper limb are work and power developed? Is mechanical output modulated similarly at all joints, or are certain muscle groups favored? This study examined, for the first time, how work and power per stroke are distributed...

... strain magnitude (~6.5%) and a low strain frequency (0.17 Hz, 3 s loading/3 s relaxation) on one leg and with either a higher strain rate (one-legged jumps) or a longer strain duration (12 s loading) on the other leg. The strain magnitude and loading volume were similar in all protocols. Before and after...

...Russell P. Main; Maureen E. Lynch; Marjolein C. H. van der Meulen The vertebrate skeleton is an adaptive structure that responds to mechanical stimuli by increasing bone mass under increased mechanical loads. Although experimental animal models have shown the anabolic cortical bone response...

...Karin Moll; Walter Federle; Flavio Roces SUMMARY Grass-cutting ants ( Atta vollenweideri ) carry fragments that can be many times heavier and longer than the ants themselves and it is important for them to avoid falling over during load transport. To investigate whether the energetic costs...

... of defined mass (load ratio from 1.3 to 6.4) and volume. Under the influence of load, the temporal interleg coordination pattern was maintained (alternating tripod gait), but the spatial tripod pattern was modified. Tripod deformation was found to be proportional to the displacement of the centre of mass...

... for a male bat). The highest three of these masses incorporated artificial loads. Stroboscopic stereophotogrammetry was used to make three-dimensional reconstructions ( n =124) of the bats’ flight paths. Over the entire range of experiments, wing loading was increased by 44% for the female and 46...

... between diagonal or next nearest-neighbour pairs. The possible function of these ‘coactivating’ influences is assumed to be to enable the animal to increase the total force propelling the body. 7 8 1984 © 1985 by Company of Biologists 1985 Stick insects walking coordination load...

... output during the power stroke clearly depends on walking speed and on load, some studies have found return stroke duration to be dependent upon walking speed, others found no such dependence (for reviews see Clarac, 1981 ; Evoy & Ayers, 1982 ). A solution to this discrepancy has been proposed...