.... In this study, we examined the hindlimb kinematics and in vivo contractile function of the lateral gastrocnemius (LG), a major ankle extensor and knee flexor, during takeoffs from water versus land in mallard ducks. In contrast to our hypothesis, we observed no change in ankle angular velocity between media...

...Annette M. Gabaldón; Frank E. Nelson; Thomas J. Roberts SUMMARY We investigated the mechanical function of two ankle extensor muscles, the lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and peroneus longus (PL), in wild turkeys Meleagris gallopavo during steady speed running. We hypothesized that mechanical work...

... hopping. To address this question, we obtained measurements of muscle activation ( via electromyography),fascicle strain ( via sonomicrometry) and muscle-tendon force( via tendon buckles) from the lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and plantaris (PL) muscles of tammar wallabies trained to hop on a level...