...Erin M. Leonard; Fiona E. Weaver; Colin A. Nurse ABSTRACT Lactate is produced in most vertebrate cells as a by-product of anaerobic metabolism. In addition to its role as a fuel for many tissues, circulating lactate can act as a signalling molecule and stimulates ventilation in air- and water...

...Michael T. Burton; Joseph M. Santin ABSTRACT Chemoreceptors that detect O 2 and CO 2 /pH regulate ventilation. However, recent work shows that lactate ions activate arterial chemoreceptors independent of pH to stimulate breathing. Although lactate rises in the central nervous system (CNS) during...

... to understand the role of GABA in supporting the metabolic response to anoxia. To explore this, we investigated four developmentally distinct stages of A. limnaeus embryos that vary in their anoxia tolerance. We measured GABA and lactate concentrations across development in response to anoxia and aerobic...

... that exercise-trained fish jumped 41% farther and 48% more times before reaching exhaustion. Furthermore, exercise training resulted in the hypertrophy of red muscle fibers, and an increase in red muscle capillarity and aerobic capacity. Lactate accumulation after jumping indicates that white muscle is also...

...-frequency cycles are not predicted by the recent models of Förster and Hetz (2010) and Grieshaber and Terblanche (2015) , and we suggest several potential ways to reconcile the models with our observations. During immersion, pupae accumulated lactate, which then declined to low levels over 12–48 h. Pupae...

... of extracellular acid–base via the removal of extracellular p CO 2 and lactate after emersion was significantly retarded by exposure to both elevated temperature and p CO 2 . If elevated environmental p CO 2 and temperature lead to slower recovery after emersion, then some predominantly subtidal species that also...

... lactate efflux sixfold to sevenfold with glucose present, but did not increase 2-DG uptake or reduce lactate efflux in the presence of cytochalasin B. Increasing temperature (14 to 24°C) also did not increase 2-DG uptake, but decreasing temperature (14 to 4°C) reduced 2-DG uptake by 45%. In conclusion...

... binding is, moreover, modulated by Ca 2+ ions, which increase the O 2 affinity of the Hc in the tense (T; deoxygenated) as well as the relaxed (R; oxygenated) states, and by ( l )-lactate, which modulates Hc–O 2 affinity by changing the allosteric equilibrium constant, L . Cooperativity in O 2 binding...

... <0.01 for both treatments). Hemolymph lactate levels increased with activity (one-way ANOVA; P <0.02 for both treatments) and were significantly different between saline-injected and Vibrio -injected crabs( Fig. 5A ; two-way ANOVA; P <0.001). Hemolymph lactate was only slightly elevated...

... –1 , increased 1.5 m min –1 every 2 min)and endurance was measured as the total time or distance run to exhaustion. Blood samples were taken to measure glucose and lactate concentrations at rest during the photophase, during peak nightly wheel running, and immediately following the second endurance...

...A. M. Petersen; T. T. Gleeson SUMMARY We investigated the effect of acute and acclimatory temperature on the relative contribution of glucose and lactate to metabolism in resting sartorius muscle of the American bullfrog ( Lithobates catesbeiana ). We examined the fate of these metabolites in vitro...

...P. J. Ponganis; T. K. Stockard; J. U. Meir; C. L. Williams; K. V. Ponganis; R. Howard SUMMARY In order to further define O 2 store utilization during dives and understand the physiological basis of the aerobic dive limit (ADL, dive duration associated with the onset of post-dive blood lactate...

... © The Company of Biologists Limited 2008 2008 energetics lactate locomotion scaling Numerous biomechanical, biochemical and behavioral aspects of locomotion are significantly related to body mass. Therefore it is important to take body mass into account when asking questions about...

... temperatures, varying pH values and in the absence and presence of lactate ions in order to assess the contributions of oxygenation-linked binding of protons (the Bohr effect) and lactate ions to the overall enthalpies of oxygenation (ΔH′). The hemocyanin binds maximally 0.35 lactate ions per functional...

...Sergio Polakof; José L. Soengas SUMMARY The aim of this study was to obtain evidence in rainbow trout for a role of lactate in glucose homeostasis as well as in the function of glucosensing tissues. In a first set of experiments, trout were injected, either (1)intraperitoneally ( N =8) with 5 ml...

... 4 days of post-diapause II development and is then lost. Metabolism during anoxia appears to be supported mainly by production of lactate, with alanine and succinate production contributing to a lesser degree. Anoxic embryos also accumulate large quantities of γ-aminobutyrate (GABA), a potential...

... C] l -lactic acid sodium salt in either summer (June)or winter (January) after acclimation for 2 weeks at 15°C with a 12 h:12 h L:D photoperiod. Following injection with [ 14 C]lactate, frogs were either allowed to rest for 240 min (REST), hopped for 2 min on a treadmill and immediately sacrificed...

... by closed system respirometry, using water of P O 2 ranging from 145 to 40 mmHg. Correlative changes in body glycogen and lactate were examined by standard enzyme assays. Scaling patterns in the growth and degrowth stages were analysed on whole-body, log-transformed data using linear regressions...

... for another 10 days were able to reconstitute some of the reserve of glycogen in heart and liver but not the glycogen reserve in brain. Patterns of accumulation of lactate in individual organs were very similar to those reported for whole animals in a companion study, and point to a high degree of reliance...

... create problems for oxygen delivery in older animals? We forced developing American locust grasshoppers ( Schistocerca americana ) to jump repeatedly and examined the effect of development on power output, endurance, lactate concentration, oxygen consumption and the oxygen sensitivity of jump performance...