... the trajectories of 10 landmarks on their limbs and trunks (i.e. the snout, the vent, the roots of 4 limbs, and the foot centres at four limbs; see Fig. 1A ) from the highspeed videos using MATLAB software ( Hedrick, 2008 ). Then, we calculated the kinetic and kinematic parameters, such as the velocities...

...; this potential division of labor between upper and lower jaws might allow them to maximize biting power. Bite performance Feeding Kinematics Kinetics Lanius ludovicianus Power Prokinesis Shrike Trade-off University of Connecticut Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Endowment Fund...

..., large force contractions that stabilize their body below branches and conserve energy during locomotion. However, it is unknown whether two- and three-toed sloths converge in their use of limb kinetics and if these patterns are comparable to how primates perform arboreal suspensory locomotion...

...Melody W. Young; Samantha K. Lynch; Edwin Dickinson; Allen A. Currier, III; Elizabeth C. Davoli; Christopher S. Hanna; Hannah M. Fischer; Gianluca A. DiUbaldi; Michael C. Granatosky ABSTRACT The biomechanical demands of arboreal locomotion are generally thought to necessitate specialized kinetic...

... dormancy. Transitions into dormancy vary slightly, where tautog will make short migrations to overwintering habitats while cunner overwinter in year-round habitats. To understand how muscle function changes with temperature, we held fish for 4 weeks at either 5 or 20°C and then ran muscle kinetic...

... speed galloping in the cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) and the racing greyhound (Canis familiaris): spatio-temporal and kinetic characteristics . J. Exp. Biol.   215 , 2425 - 2434 . 10.1242/jeb.066720 Jayes , A. S. and Alexander , R. M. ( 1978 ). Mechanics of locomotion of dogs (Canis...

... the performance of northern quolls, we analysed their kinematics and kinetics while they moved up inclined narrow and wide substrates. We found that quolls used slower speeds when moving on a narrower surface, but used similar gaits on both wide and narrow inclined structures. This suggests that a quoll's...

... described the kinetics of vertical climbing in primates with a broad sample that includes a range of sizes and phylogenetic groups, and how climbing differs from horizontal quadrupedalism over a wide range of primates. Some studies have looked at the cost of climbing in comparison to quadrupedalism...

... joint work in water just as they do at the lower limb on land. Swimming Kinetics Load Inverse dynamics Computational fluid dynamics Humans move in water, sometimes undulating ventrally and ricocheting at the surface when swimming butterfly, sometimes paddling dorsally in a windmill...

... (semimembranosus and plantaris) vary widely across taxa and show correlations to locomotor performance, particularly jumping performance. Amphibian Contractile Kinetics Muscular Evolution Frog Animals have evolved a wide array of locomotor modes (e.g. walking, swimming, flying, slithering...

.... Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2016 Summary: Exploitation of elastic recoil shapes the stance phase's segment movement in small birds; however, reducing the cost of locomotion is only a secondary movement criterion. Avian locomotion Charadriiform birds Kinetics Optimization Leg...

... and kinetics. Consistent with previous research, the spatiotemporal variables showed a sudden switch from walking to running in one transition step. During this step there was a sudden increase in forward speed, the so-called speed jump (0.42 m s −1 ). At total body level, this was reflected in a sudden...

... expresses two AANAT2 transcripts displaying high similarity between them and with trout Oncorhynchus mykiss AANAT2, differing by only two amino acid sites. We compared the kinetics and 3D models of these enzymes as well as of a chimeric construct, particularly with regard to their response to temperature...

... impact of such `compensatory' growth trajectories within the context of developmental changes in locomotor behavior. I used standard kinematic and kinetic techniques to investigate the ontogenetic scaling of joint postures, substrate reaction forces, joint load arm lengths and external joint moments...

... coral isotopic enrichment uptake kinetics dissolved free amino acid Coral reefs constitute a paradoxical ecosystem: they display a high gross primary productivity ( Sorokin,1993 ), whereas they thrive in oligotrophic environments containing sub-micromolar nutrient concentrations( Bythell...

... squirrels. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 12 2 2007 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2007 2007 flying squirrels Glaucomys sabrinus jumping gliding kinetics substrate reaction forces biomechanics There are three principal hypotheses...

... for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 21 12 2004 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2005 2005 locomotion kinematics kinetics bone strain motor patterns alligator Terrestrial tetrapods use diverse limb postures during locomotion, ranging from the highly sprawling posture...

... to reduce their body volume by up to 73.3% during regular contractions. Each contraction cycle follows a characteristic pattern of four phases, permitting analysis of the kinetics of contraction and expansion. Long-term observations (for >7 days) reveal that the sponge contractions display a day-night...

... of Biological Sciences, Clemson University,Clemson, SC 29634, USA 29 10 2003 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2004 2004 locomotion kinetics limb function tail-dragging ground reaction force Alligator mississippiensis The role of tails in tetrapod locomotion has been...

... of acclimation temperature( T A ). The products of locus Ldh-B comprise only 14–19% (depending on the tissue) of total LDH activities and,consequently, differences between phenotypes are negligible in terms of their effect on LDH total performance. No kinetic( \batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper...