... of cardiac performance to support an active lifestyle over reducing cardiac ATP demand when exposed to prolonged aquatic hypoxia without air access. Action potential Electrocardiogram Excitation–contraction coupling Heart K + channels Temperature Freshwater fish that reside in the north...

... hypoxia ATP-sensitive K + channels K ATP K + channels goldfish Carassius auratus ATP-sensitive potassium (K ATP ) channels were initially described in the mammalian heart by Noma( 1983 ) and have since been shown to play critical regulatory roles in a variety of other tissues( Ashcroft...

... of inhibitors of H + /K + -ATPases, including omeprazole and SCH 28080, suggest that a pump similar to the H + /K + -ATPase of the gastric mucosa is involved in KCl reabsorption. The presence of K + channels in the basolateral membrane in the lower Malpighian tubule is suggested by inhibition of KCl...

... to be established. Additionally, smaller single-channel currents were often seen. This small channel had a conductance of about 15 pS, but, as yet, we cannot unambiguously characterize this as another K + channel. We were able to explore the calcium dependence of the large channel in the inside-out configuration...

... + current showed fast flickering and reduced amplitude when the membrane was held at large positive potentials, which is suggestive of channel block by some agent. The conductances of the K + channels in the growth cones of isolated Cl neurones were generally smaller than those recorded...

.... * Present address: Department of Biology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA. † To whom correspondence should be addressed. 08 05 1989 © 1989 by Company of Biologists 1989 serotonin K + channels Retzius cell leech There is a large body of work...

.... Outward rectification was largely blocked by external tetraethylammonium. Possible functions of the rectifying properties of the oocyte membrane are discussed. 18 07 1986 © 1986 by Company of Biologists 1986 calcium action potential K + channels tetraethylammonium 4-aminopyridine...