... trafficking of Na + /K + -ATPases to the membrane, which has previously been shown in relation to heat hardening (see Hou et al., 2014 ). A higher abundance of Na + /K + -ATPases could lead to the maintenance of CNS ion balance to lower temperature, but a larger perturbation of K + balance should they fail...

... in the locust extensor tibialis ( Findsen et al., 2014 ), and it is possible that this reduction in force is driven by the independent depolarizing effects of cooling and a loss of ion balance. Low temperature and high [K + ], however, synergistically reduce muscle force ( Findsen et al., 2014 ), and we found...