... −1 downward jet as the wings clap together. Our technique can validate numerical simulations of tiny insect flight and measure the aerodynamics of various insect species exhibiting high morphological diversity. Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Competing interests...

... of the landing behaviour of bees will provide a better understanding of the way bees land on flowers in nature. Dr J. L. Dobberke Foundation Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences Bee vision Bombus terrestris Insect flight Optic expansion Optic flow Sensory-motor control...

... to flight shows precise timing of single muscles does not produce precise turns, highlighting the importance of coordination across the entire motor program. Motor control Neuromechanics Manduca sexta Muscle coordination Insect flight Stimulation Air Force Office of Scientific Research...

... can still land precisely on artificial flowers, allowing them to be efficacious and robust pollinators in these adverse environmental conditions. Bombus terrestris Biomechanics Control theory Insect flight Maneuverability Sensorimotor control Nederlandse Organisatie voor...

...Roni Maya; Noam Lerner; Omri Ben-Dov; Arion Pons; Tsevi Beatus ABSTRACT Understanding the mechanisms of insect flight requires high-quality data of free-flight kinematics, e.g. for comparative studies or genetic screens. Although recent improvements in high-speed videography allow us to acquire...

... on a functional model of the visual-motor insect flight control system, whereby flying at a constant optical expansion rate would result in a linear reduction in flight speed with reducing distance from the landing platform ( Baird et al., 2013 ; Goyal et al., 2021 ). Thus, flying at a constant optical expansion...

... that abdomen flexion can inertially redirect the thorax to add constructively to wing steering efforts. Our work argues for considering the role of the abdomen in tethered insect flight experiments that use force/torque sensors . Taken together, the hawkmoth abdomen can regulate wing torques in free flight...

... morphometrics: Shared ancestry and selection drive the evolution of wing size and shape in Morpho butterflies . Evolution 70 , 181 - 194 . 10.1111/evo.12842 Combes , S. A. and Dudley , R. ( 2009 ). Turbulence-driven instabilities limit insect flight performance . Proc. Natl. Acad...

... . 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.606590 Dudley , R. ( 2002 ). The Biomechanics of Insect Flight: Form, Function, Evolution . Princeton University Press . Egelhaaf , M. , Kern , R. , Lindemann , J. P. , Braun , E. and Geurten , B. ( 2010 ). Active vision in blowflies...

... Article: Wing damage in house flies progresses according to a logistic function, albeit with large inter-individual differences; animals can still fly with two-thirds of wing area remaining. Insect flight Loss of wing area Locomotor capacity Musca domestica Agence Nationale de la...

... for steering. Insect flight Polarization vision Dorsal rim area Polarotaxis Navigation As a result of sunlight scattering in the atmosphere, the skylight is partially plane polarized and the celestial e-vectors are arranged in a concentric pattern around the sun ( Strutt, 1871 ; Wehner, 1997...

... pteropod Cuvierina   atlantica generates thrust by using a novel cylindrical ‘overlap-and-fling’ maneuver twice during each wingstroke. Leading edge vortex Pteropod PIV Soft robotics Flexible Insect flight The aerodynamics of flapping flight by insects, birds and other organisms...

... ). The aerodynamics and control of free flight manoeuvres in Drosophila . Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci.   371 . 10.1098/rstb.2015.0388 Dickinson , M. H. , Lehmann , F.-O. and Sane , S. P. ( 1999 ). Wing rotation and the aerodynamic basis of insect flight . Science   284 , 1954 - 1960...

... ( Borst et al., 2010 ; Hausen and Egelhaaf, 1989 ), which is sensitive to image temporal frequency that depends on the image spatial frequency at a given retinal slip velocity ( Borst and Egelhaaf, 1989 ). Visual control Optic flow Insect flight Locomotor constraint Summary: When...

... knockdown in locust flight muscle prevents extended flight activity. RNAi Fatty acid binding protein Insect flight Lipid transport For many centuries, locusts have inflicted severe damage to human populations in African and Asian countries. Every few years, when weather conditions...

.... Biochem. Physiol. A Physiol.   116 , 223 - 238 . 10.1016/S0300-9629(96)00162-4 Dudley , R. ( 2002 ). The Biomechanics of Insect Flight: Form, Function, Evolution . Princeton University Press . Dudley , T. R. and Ellington , C. P. ( 1990 ). Mechanics of forward flight...

... in hummingbirds. I. Flight kinematics . J. Exp. Biol.   219 , 3518 - 3531 . 10.1242/jeb.137539 Combes , S. A. and Dudley , R. ( 2009 ). Turbulence-driven instabilities limit insect flight performance . Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA   106 , 9105 - 9108 . 10.1073/pnas.0902186106 Crowson...

... explore how the flight apparatus has evolved to meet the steep demands of flight in smaller insects. Miniaturization Biomechanics Asynchronous muscles Insect flight Gear box Clutch mechanism Mechanical linkages Insects are by far the most successful metazoan taxa and represent over 60...

...://www.biologists.com/user-licence-1-1/ Highlighted Article: Long bristles on the wings of the smallest insects reduce the force required to ‘fling’ the wings apart while still maintaining lift. Insect flight Biomechanics Clap and fling Intermediate Reynolds numbers Computational fluid dynamics...

.... ( 2009 ). Wind tunnel tests for a flapping wing model with a changeable camber using macro-fiber composite actuators . Smart Mater. Struct.   18 , 024008 . 10.1088/0964-1726/18/2/024008 Miller , L. A. and Peskin , C. S. ( 2009 ). Flexible clap and fling in tiny insect flight .   J...