... guide an insect's return to its nest. In some ant species, the favoured direction is adjusted to future foraging needs. These memories can then guide both the outward and homeward legs of a foraging trip. Current studies of central areas of the insect brain indicate what regions implement...

... performance, suggesting that faithful heading direction signaling emerges within the central complex. Sun compass orientation Insect brain Central complex Polarization vision Desert locust Japan Society for the Promotion of Science http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001691 201780130...

... central complex are involved in guiding multiple navigation strategies, and the emerging core circuit for navigational decisions might provide an overarching framework of central-complex function. Neuroanatomy Insect brain Motor control Navigation Sensory integration A defining feature...

... are necessary for successful foraging and involve the coordination of several areas of the insect brain, including the antennal lobe, mushroom bodies and the subesophageal zone (reviewed in Gauthier and Grünewald, 2012 ). If odor learning and memory was disrupted by N. ceranae infection, it would suggest...

... to unpolarized light spots, suggesting that direct sunlight supports the sky polarization compass in this brain area. Insect brain Desert locust Head direction cells Spatial orientation Sky compass Chromatic gradient For navigation, defined as the ability to reach a desired goal, many animals...

... to the interpretation of the data and contributed to the final version of the manuscript. Competing interests The authors declare no competing financial interests. 8 8 2014 22 9 2014 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Central complex Insect brain Multi-unit...

... of Biologists Limited 2007 2007 skylight navigation polarization vision insect brain color vision spectral opponency Schistocerca gregaria For long-distance navigation many animals rely on external compass cues,such as the position of the sun, the moon, or the earth's magnetic field...

... ) 3 5 2006 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2006 2006 orcokinin insect brain circadian rhythms accessory medulla phase-response curve light entrainment cockroach Leucophaea maderae Orcokinins are a family of arthropod neuropeptides that have been identified in decapod...

..., D-1000 Berlin 45, FRG. 08 06 1987 © 1987 by Company of Biologists 1987 insect brain visual system interneurones Neuroanatomical investigations of the bee brain have revealed a variety of commissures which clearly transfer sensory information from one brain hemisphere...

... den Eichen 87, D-1000 Berlin 45, FRG. 08 06 1987 © 1987 by Company of Biologists 1987 insect brain visual system interneurones The results of the preceding paper ( Hertel, Schafer & Maronde, 1987 ) suggested that the prominent visual commissures in the honeybee...

... of Biology, Emory University, 1555 Pierce Drive, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. 01 07 1986 © 1986 by Company of Biologists 1986 insect brain neurohaemal organs neuropeptides neurosecretion neurosecretory cells. Neuropeptides secreted by insect cerebral neurosecretory cells (NSCs...