.... Energetics Egg Peck Puncture Nest Obligate brood parasite Impact Dynamic fracture Avian obligate brood parasites reduce the fitness of host species by laying their eggs in other species' nests, often damaging host eggs in the process ( Hauber, 2003 ; Lopez et al., 2018 ) and altogether...

... and material properties. Puncture Diversity Materials Energy Morphology Impact Puncture, defined as using a sharpened tool to penetrate a target, is widespread in the biological realm. Examples of biological puncture mechanisms can be found in numerous phyla and span several orders...

... were analyzed using power spectral density analysis, and lumbar SA was assessed within the impact-related frequency range. 3D kinematics quantified dynamic and resting LL. To examine the effects of intervertebral discs on spinal SA, supine MRI scans were used to measure disc morphology. The results...

...J. R. A. Taylor; S. N. Patek SUMMARY Resisting impact and avoiding injury are central to survival in situations ranging from the abiotic forces of crashing waves to biotic collisions with aggressive conspecifics. Although impacts and collisions in biology are ubiquitous, most studies focus...

... examine the magnitude and relative contribution of the impact and cavitation forces generated by the peacock mantis shrimp Odontodactylus scyllarus . We present the surprising finding that each strike generates two brief, high-amplitude force peaks, typically 390–480 μs apart. Based on high-speed imaging...