...Laura V. Ferguson; Shelley A. Adamo ABSTRACT Insects are critical to our ecosystems, but we do not fully understand their future in our warming world. Rising temperatures are affecting insect physiology in myriad ways, including changes to their immune systems and the ability to fight infection...

...Hue Dinh; Ida Lundbäck; Sheemal Kumar; Anh The Than; Juliano Morimoto; Fleur Ponton ABSTRACT Nutrition is a central factor influencing immunity and resistance to infection, but the extent to which nutrition during development affects adult responses to infections is poorly understood. Our study...

... activity. ILP3 upregulated insulin-insulin growth factor signaling in hemocytes, but few genes – including almost no transcripts for immune factors – were differentially expressed. ILP3 also stimulated circulating hemocytes to increase in two other anautogenous ( Anopheles gambiae and Culex...

...Shabbir Ahmed; Yonggyun Kim ABSTRACT Several prostaglandins (PGs) and PG-synthesizing enzymes have been identified from insects. PGs mediate cellular and humoral immune responses. However, uncontrolled and prolonged immune responses might have adverse effects on survival. PG catabolism in insects...

...Tania Y. Estévez-Lao; Leah T. Sigle; Scherly N. Gomez; Julián F. Hillyer ABSTRACT The circulatory and immune systems of mosquitoes are functionally integrated. An infection induces the migration of hemocytes to the dorsal vessel, and specifically, to the regions surrounding the ostia of the heart...

...Shabbir Ahmed; Ariful Hasan; Yonggyun Kim ABSTRACT Prostaglandins (PGs) mediate various physiological functions in insects. Specifically, PGE 2 is known to mediate immunity and egg-laying behavior in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua . A PGE 2 synthase 2 (Se-PGES2) has been identified...

...://www.biologists.com/user-licence-1-1/ Highlighted Article: Nematodal infection and fungal infection cause changes in insect vitellogenin mRNA and protein expression: vitellogenin inhibits the growth of entomotoxic bacteria from the nematode Steinernema carpocapsae . Yolk protein Immunity...

..., immunity, lifespan, growth and behavioral development. Deformed wing virus (DWV) is a major pathogenic factor which threatens honey bee populations, and its replication is regulated by the nutrition status and immune response of honey bees. The alimentary canal of the honey bee is home to a diverse...

...Abdullah Alzaid; Jin-Hyoung Kim; Robert H. Devlin; Samuel A. M. Martin; Daniel J. Macqueen ABSTRACT Suppression of growth during infection may aid resource allocation towards effective immune function. Past work supporting this hypothesis in salmonid fish revealed an immune-responsive regulation...

... of Biologists Ltd 2018 http://www.biologists.com/user-licence-1-1/ Summary: Structural mechanics of hemolymph flow through the aorta and conical chamber of the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae . Heart Dorsal vessel Hemolymph Circulation Immunity In insects, the open...

... the contents of the accessory testes actually enhanced bacterial growth, the contents of the spermatheca strongly inhibited it. Furthermore, mating appears to activate the general immune system in queens. However, antimicrobial activity in both the spermatheca and the control tissue (head–thorax homogenate...

... of the greater wax moth ( Galleria mellonella ). We found that the number of colony-forming units of enterococci and expressions of certain immunity-related antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes such as Gallerimycin , Gloverin , 6-tox , Cecropin-D and Galiomicin increased in response to a more diverse diet, which...

... fractions can be categorized into two functional groups, i.e. biomineralization and immune response cells. Gene expression profiles of the putative biomineralizing hemocytes indicate that in addition to their proposed role in mineral transport, hemocytes also contribute to the formation of the ECM, thus...

... manipulation by the parasite, or is a by-product (e.g. host immune response) or side effect of infection (e.g. energetic loss), remains controversial. To understand the physiological mechanisms that generate these behavioural changes, we quantified the behavioural profiles of experimentally infected fish...

... and immune systems and in the production of coloured signals in various taxa, particularly birds. When birds have expended large amounts of carotenoids to feather growth such as after autumn moult, bird health and oxidative status might be more constrained. We tested this hypothesis in a bird species...

...Jennie S. Garbutt; Anna J. P. O'Donoghue; Seanna J. McTaggart; Philip J. Wilson; Tom J. Little Immunity in vertebrates is well established to develop with time, but the ontogeny of defence in invertebrates is markedly less studied. Yet, age-specific capacity for defence against pathogens, coupled...

... ) workers with the parasite Nosema ceranae or an immune stimulation and tracked their flight activity over their lifetime with an optic counter. We found that bees responded differently to each stress: both Nosema -infected and immune-challenged bees performed a lower number of daily flights compared...

... of the developing honey bee hosts by Varroa has been proposed to explain the synergy between viruses and mites. However, the evidence for honey bee immune suppression by V. destructor is contentious. We systematically studied the quantitative effects of experimentally introduced V. destructor mites on immune gene...

...Michael W. Butler; Kevin J. McGraw SUMMARY Immune function can be modulated by multiple physiological factors, including nutrition and reproductive state. Because these factors can vary throughout an individual's lifetime as a result of environmental conditions (affecting nutrition) or life-history...

...Gary Burness; Christopher Armstrong; Thomas Fee; Elinor Tilman-Schindel SUMMARY There has been recent interest in understanding trade-offs between immune function and other fitness-related traits. At proximate levels, such trade-offs are presumed to result from the differential allocation...