... (plasmatocytes). The importance of haemocytes has been demonstrated previously, with immune and developmental phenotypes observed upon haemocyte ablation. Here we show that we can increase Hml -positive cell numbers using a constitutively-active form of ras and ablate Hml -positive cell numbers using the pro...

...: heat shock protein (Hsp) genes, proteolysis genes and immunity genes. Multiple studies across terrestrial and marine species identify candidates included in these gene sets. Yet, each of the gene sets are identified in only a minority of studies. Together, these patterns suggest that there is limited...

...Kwanho C. Ki; Erin L. Lewis; Elizabeth Wu; Francis J. Oliaro; Lise M. Aubry; Charles R. Knapp; Karen M. Kapheim; Dale DeNardo; Susannah S. French ABSTRACT The present work aimed to study whether a high sugar diet can alter immune responses and the gut microbiome in green iguanas. Thirty-six iguanas...

...David Costantini; Julia Schad; Gábor Á. Czirják; Christian C. Voigt ABSTRACT The immune system plays an important role in defending against pathogens and regulating physiological homeostasis, but the strength of the immune responses depends on the type of pathogen. The immune system of bats shows...

...Mahmoud I. El-Saadi; Kaylen Brzezinski; Aaron Hinz; Laura Phillips; Alex Wong; Lucie Gerber; Johannes Overgaard; Heath A. MacMillan ABSTRACT The insect gut, which plays a role in ion and water balance, has been shown to leak solutes in the cold. Cold stress can also activate insect immune systems...

...Laura V. Ferguson; Shelley A. Adamo ABSTRACT Insects are critical to our ecosystems, but we do not fully understand their future in our warming world. Rising temperatures are affecting insect physiology in myriad ways, including changes to their immune systems and the ability to fight infection...

...Hue Dinh; Ida Lundbäck; Sheemal Kumar; Anh The Than; Juliano Morimoto; Fleur Ponton ABSTRACT Nutrition is a central factor influencing immunity and resistance to infection, but the extent to which nutrition during development affects adult responses to infections is poorly understood. Our study...

... activity. ILP3 upregulated insulin-insulin growth factor signaling in hemocytes, but few genes – including almost no transcripts for immune factors – were differentially expressed. ILP3 also stimulated circulating hemocytes to increase in two other anautogenous ( Anopheles gambiae and Culex...

...Shabbir Ahmed; Yonggyun Kim ABSTRACT Several prostaglandins (PGs) and PG-synthesizing enzymes have been identified from insects. PGs mediate cellular and humoral immune responses. However, uncontrolled and prolonged immune responses might have adverse effects on survival. PG catabolism in insects...

...Tania Y. Estévez-Lao; Leah T. Sigle; Scherly N. Gomez; Julián F. Hillyer ABSTRACT The circulatory and immune systems of mosquitoes are functionally integrated. An infection induces the migration of hemocytes to the dorsal vessel, and specifically, to the regions surrounding the ostia of the heart...

...Shabbir Ahmed; Ariful Hasan; Yonggyun Kim ABSTRACT Prostaglandins (PGs) mediate various physiological functions in insects. Specifically, PGE 2 is known to mediate immunity and egg-laying behavior in the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua . A PGE 2 synthase 2 (Se-PGES2) has been identified...

...://www.biologists.com/user-licence-1-1/ Highlighted Article: Nematodal infection and fungal infection cause changes in insect vitellogenin mRNA and protein expression: vitellogenin inhibits the growth of entomotoxic bacteria from the nematode Steinernema carpocapsae . Yolk protein Immunity...

..., immunity, lifespan, growth and behavioral development. Deformed wing virus (DWV) is a major pathogenic factor which threatens honey bee populations, and its replication is regulated by the nutrition status and immune response of honey bees. The alimentary canal of the honey bee is home to a diverse...

...Abdullah Alzaid; Jin-Hyoung Kim; Robert H. Devlin; Samuel A. M. Martin; Daniel J. Macqueen ABSTRACT Suppression of growth during infection may aid resource allocation towards effective immune function. Past work supporting this hypothesis in salmonid fish revealed an immune-responsive regulation...

... of Biologists Ltd 2018 http://www.biologists.com/user-licence-1-1/ Summary: Structural mechanics of hemolymph flow through the aorta and conical chamber of the African malaria mosquito, Anopheles gambiae . Heart Dorsal vessel Hemolymph Circulation Immunity In insects, the open...

... the contents of the accessory testes actually enhanced bacterial growth, the contents of the spermatheca strongly inhibited it. Furthermore, mating appears to activate the general immune system in queens. However, antimicrobial activity in both the spermatheca and the control tissue (head–thorax homogenate...

... of the greater wax moth ( Galleria mellonella ). We found that the number of colony-forming units of enterococci and expressions of certain immunity-related antimicrobial peptide (AMP) genes such as Gallerimycin , Gloverin , 6-tox , Cecropin-D and Galiomicin increased in response to a more diverse diet, which...

... fractions can be categorized into two functional groups, i.e. biomineralization and immune response cells. Gene expression profiles of the putative biomineralizing hemocytes indicate that in addition to their proposed role in mineral transport, hemocytes also contribute to the formation of the ECM, thus...

... manipulation by the parasite, or is a by-product (e.g. host immune response) or side effect of infection (e.g. energetic loss), remains controversial. To understand the physiological mechanisms that generate these behavioural changes, we quantified the behavioural profiles of experimentally infected fish...

... and immune systems and in the production of coloured signals in various taxa, particularly birds. When birds have expended large amounts of carotenoids to feather growth such as after autumn moult, bird health and oxidative status might be more constrained. We tested this hypothesis in a bird species...