... behavior of the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis L. J. Comp. Physiol. A 154 , 449 -455. Dierkes, P. W., Hochstrate, P. and Schlue, W. R. ( 1996 ). Distribution and functional properties of glutamate receptors in the leech central nervous system. J. Neurophysiol. 75 , 2312 -2321. Dierkes, P...

...Kevin M. Crisp; Karen A. Mesce SUMMARY The biological mechanisms of behavioral selection, as it relates to locomotion, are far from understood, even in relatively simple invertebrate animals. In the medicinal leech, Hirudo medicinalis , the decision to swim is distributed across populations of swim...

... for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 12 12 2005 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2006 2006 annelid anterior brain central nervous system cephalic brain Hirudo medicinalis leech subesophageal ganglion A centralized nervous system with a cephalic concentration...

...Kevin M. Crisp; Karen A. Mesce SUMMARY It is widely appreciated that the selection and modulation of locomotor circuits are dependent on the actions of higher-order projection neurons. In the leech, Hirudo medicinalis, locomotion is modulated by a number of cephalic projection neurons that descend...

... the dorsal integument of the leech Hirudo medicinalis , and we have established a model of Na + uptake. In the present study, we investigated the effect of long-term acclimation on transintegumental ion transport by adapting leeches to high-salinity conditions. We dissected segments of dorsal integument...

...Helga Milde; Wolf-Michael Weber; Michel Salzet; Wolfgang Clauss ABSTRACT An increase in intracellular cyclic AMP concentration stimulates transepithelial Na + transport across the skin of the leech Hirudo medicinalis , but it is unclear how cytosolic cyclic AMP levels are elevated in vivo...

... glia trophic factor leech Hirudo medicinalis In the leech, regeneration after injury depends on extrinsic factors (see von Bernhardi and Muller, 1995 ) that can enhance or inhibit axon growth. Such factors include extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules, cell adhesion molecules and growth...

..., the results presented in this report suggest that the basal ACh tonus regulates the output of these neuromodulatory serotonergic neurons. * e-mail: [email protected] 06 04 1998 21 05 1998 © The Company of Biologists Limited 1998 leech Hirudo medicinalis...

... processes of the Retzius cell, enabling a persistent excitatory signal. * e-mail: [email protected] 06 04 1998 21 05 1998 © The Company of Biologists Limited 1998 serotonergic neurone cholinergic response delayed depolarization leech Hirudo medicinalis...

... of the leech Hirudo medicinalis . Exposed glial cells of isolated ganglia were filled iontophoretically with the Ca 2+ indicator dye Fura-2. Application of glutamate (200–500 μmol l −1 ) caused biphasic membrane potential shifts and increases in [Ca 2+ ] i , which were only partly reduced by either removing...

... ©The Company of Biologists Limited 1997 Hirudo medicinalis leech nephridia ion transport urine formation natriuresis Cl - secretion Blood feeders, such as leeches, mosquitos, bugs and ticks, increase their salt and water output following a meal. Although these species occupy...

... of behavior with a limited number of neurons is discussed. * Present address: Zoological Institute, University of Zürich, Winterthurer Strasse 190, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland (e-mail: [email protected] ). 20 02 1997 ©The Company of Biologists Limited 1997 Hirudo medicinalis...

... 1996 ©The Company of Biologists Limited 1996 serotonin feeding Retzius cell Leydig cell ingestion neuromodulation appetitive consummatory behaviour leech Hirudo medicinalis In many animals, feeding is a complex activity that includes an appetitive phase (involving...

... internal pressure biomechanics muscular hydrostat locomotion circular muscles posture leech Hirudo medicinalis Rigidity is required to provide the best posture for the efficient transfer of force from muscle to motion. In organs that contain skeletal tissue, the degree of freedom to move...

...B. Calabrese; M. Pellegrino ABSTRACT The regeneration pattern of two identified central neurones was studied in the leech Hirudo medicinalis . Anterior pagoda (AP) and mechanosensory touch-sensitive (T) neurones were stained in adult segmental ganglia, maintained in culture for 6–10 days. AP...

... under single-electrode current-clamp and voltage-clamp show that FMRFamide turns off the receptor-specific Cl − current of the NNC, indicating that FMRFamide also modulates the receptor gain. 01 03 1995 ©The Company of Biologists Limited 1995 Hirudo medicinalis leech FMRFamide...

...James R. Groome; Dana K. Vaughan; Charles M. Lent ABSTRACT Thermal and chemical stimuli known to promote ingestive behaviours in the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis were tested for their physiological effects on Retzius neurones and for their biochemical effects on serotonin levels...

... , 1189 – 1198 . 10.1083/jcb.107.3.1189 Coggeshall , R. E. and Fawcett , D. W. ( 1964 ). The fine structure of the central nervous system of the leech, Hirudo medicinalis . J. Neurophysiol . 27 , 229 – 289 . 10.1152/jn.1964.27.2.229 Daniloff , J. K. , Crossin , K...

... show that by adding an artificial current with a linear voltage-dependence (leak conductance) to an HN(5) interneuron (conductance 15 nS, reversal potential -60 mV), the cell can be transferred from its active to its inactive state. leech Hirudo medicinalis heart interneuron spontaneous...

... localized in or near surface folds. 5 5 1993 © 1993 by Company of Biologists 1993 behavioural state distension feeding Hirudo medicinalis neurotoxin serotonin During the ensuing consummatory phase of hunger, leeches ingest blood meals which increase their volume...