...Angelina M. Dichiera; Andrew J. Esbaugh ABSTRACT Oxygen (O 2 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) transport are tightly coupled in many fishes as a result of the presence of Root effect hemoglobins (Hb), whereby reduced pH reduces O 2 binding even at high O 2 tensions. Red blood cell carbonic anhydrase...

..., evolved properties of hemoglobin (Hb)–O 2 transport may have been shaped by the prevalence and severity of aquatic hypoxia (which influences the extent to which fish are compelled to switch to aerial respiration) as well as the anatomical design of air-breathing structures and the cardiovascular system...

... warblers provides experimental evidence that the relationship between hematocrit and exercise performance is dependent on altitude. Hemoglobin Aerobic capacity Hemodilution Wind tunnel Exercise Birds Hematocrit (Hct) and hemoglobin (Hb) are widely assumed to be key determinants...

.... In the present study, we attempted to determine whether regulation of hemoglobin (Hb) gene expression plays a role in the physiological response to chronic moderate hypoxia in whole larvae and hematopoietic tissues (head kidney and spleen) of juveniles. We also tested the hypothesis that hypoxia exposure...

...Jay F. Storz ABSTRACT In air-breathing vertebrates at high altitude, fine-tuned adjustments in hemoglobin (Hb)–O 2 affinity provide an energetically efficient means of mitigating the effects of arterial hypoxemia. However, it is not always clear whether an increased or decreased Hb–O 2 affinity...

... to sustain appropriate metabolic rates at exceptionally low body temperatures. The notothenioid genome is also distinguished by the disappearance of traits in some species, losses that might prove costly in a warmer environment. Perhaps the best-illustrated example is the lack of expression of hemoglobin...

... water-acclimated fish, but not in response to hypoxia. Aquatic hypoxia increased the O 2 -carrying capacity of blood via a large (40%) increase in red blood cell density and a small increase in the affinity of hemoglobin for O 2 ( P 50 decreased 11%). In contrast, air exposure increased the hemoglobin O...

...Kristin Bianchini; Patricia A. Wright SUMMARY In rainbow trout development, a switch occurs from high-affinity embryonic hemoglobin (Hb) and round, embryonic erythrocytes to lower-affinity adult Hb and oval, adult erythrocytes. Our study investigated the early ontogeny of rainbow trout blood...

... in blood–oxygen affinity (regulated by allosteric effectors of hemoglobin function). These hematological traits often differ between taxa that are native to different elevational zones, but it is often unknown whether the observed physiological differences reflect fixed, genetically based differences...

...Anthony V. Signore; Jörg Stetefeld; Roy E. Weber; Kevin L. Campbell SUMMARY The structural and evolutionary origins underlying the effect of temperature on the O 2 binding properties of mammalian hemoglobins (Hbs) are poorly understood, despite their potential physiological importance. Previous...

... ( [email protected] ) 21 7 2011 © 2011. 2011 aerobic dive limit blood flow heart rate hemoglobin hypoxemia marine mammals metabolic rate myoglobin oxygen stores penguins re-perfusion injury seals In a landmark paper in diving physiology, Kooyman and co-workers...

...Jay F. Storz; Federico G. Hoffmann; Juan C. Opazo; Thomas J. Sanger; Hideaki Moriyama SUMMARY Tetrapod vertebrates possess multiple α- and β-like globin genes that are ontogenetically regulated, such that functionally distinct hemoglobin (Hb) isoforms are synthesized during different stages...

... for the symbioses. Among the consequences of such demands has been the widespread presence of circulating and/or tissue hemoglobins in these symbioses that are necessary to support high metabolic rates in thioautotrophic endosymbioses. We also compare photoautotrophic with chemoautotrophic and methanotrophic...

...Kimberly A. Borley; Jody M. Beers; Bruce D. Sidell SUMMARY Antarctic icefishes possess several cardiovascular characteristics that enable them to deliver oxygen adequately in the absence of hemoglobin (Hb). To gain insight into mechanisms driving development of these cardiovascular characteristics...

...Roy E. Weber; Kevin L. Campbell; Angela Fago; Hans Malte; Frank B. Jensen SUMMARY The inverse relationship between temperature and hemoglobin–O 2 affinity resulting from the exothermic nature of heme oxygenation favors O 2 unloading from blood to warm, metabolically active tissues. However...

...Peter Rombough; Holly Drader SUMMARY The role of hemoglobin (Hb) in O 2 uptake by zebrafish larvae ranging in age from 5 to 42 days postfertilization was assessed under conditions of normoxia, moderate hypoxia and extreme hypoxia. This was achieved by exposing larvae with and without functional Hb...

[email protected] ) 2 11 2008 2009 aerobic dive limit blood sampler emperor penguin hemoglobin lactate nitrogen oxygen electrode oxygen store shunt The concept of an aerobic dive limit (ADL) is central to most eco-physiological models of foraging behavior in marine mammals...

... to three different nitrite levels for variable time periods, and changes in blood nitrosylhemoglobin (HbNO), methemoglobin (metHb), oxygenated hemoglobin(oxyHb) and deoxygenated hemoglobin (deoxyHb) were evaluated by spectral deconvolution. Blood HbNO (a biomarker of internal NO production) was low...

...Jody M. Wujcik; George Wang; Joseph T. Eastman; Bruce D. Sidell SUMMARY We quantitatively assessed ocular vascular patterns of six Antarctic notothenioid fishes that vary in their expression of the circulating oxygen-binding protein, hemoglobin (Hb). Digital image analyses revealed marked...

...Anja Roesner; Thomas Hankeln; Thorsten Burmester SUMMARY Unlike most mammals, many fish species live and survive in environments with low or changing levels of oxygen. Respiratory proteins like hemoglobin or myoglobin bind or store oxygen, thus enhancing its availability to the respiratory chain...