... of embryo rotation rates in laboratory-reared Helisoma trivolvis embryos placed in ponds of different trophic levels that ranged geographically from the southern Alberta prairie to the Rocky Mountains. Abiotic factors including temperature, pH, conductivity and water oxygen concentration were measured...

...Ryan B. Shartau; Rose Tam; Spencer Patrick; Jeffrey I. Goldberg SUMMARY Embryos of the pond snail, Helisoma trivolvis , develop bilateral serotonergic neurons that innervate ciliary bands and stimulate cilia-driven rotation. This behaviour is postulated to increase oxygen availability during...

...Shandra A. Doran; Ron Koss; Cam Ha Tran; Kimberly J. Christopher; Warren J. Gallin; Jeffrey I. Goldberg SUMMARY Embryos of the pond snail Helisoma trivolvis express three known subtypes of ciliary cells on the surface of the embryo early in development:pedal, dorsolateral and scattered single...

...Alison G. Cole; Aniseh Mashkournia; Shawn C. Parries; Jeffrey I. Goldberg SUMMARY Helisoma trivolvis embryos display a cilia-driven rotational behavior that is regulated by a pair of serotonergic neurons named ENC1s. As these cilio-excitatory motor neurons contain an apical dendrite ending...

...Nicole L. Achee; Mark J. Zoran ABSTRACT Exogenous serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) induced inhibitory effects in Helisoma trivolvis buccal neuron 5 (B5), which included a hyperpolarization of the membrane potential, a reduction in input resistance and a decrease in the stimulus-evoked spiking...

...Kimberley J. Christopher; John P. Chang; Jeffrey I. Goldberg ABSTRACT Serotonin (5-HT) has been established as a regulator of ciliary beating in numerous systems. In early embryos of Helisoma trivolvis , a cilia-driven rotational movement is modulated by the release of endogenous serotonin from...

...N. I. Syed; I. Roger; R. L. Ridgway; L. G. Bauce; K. Lukowiak; A. G. M. Bulloch ABSTRACT We describe three interneurones and their follower cells in the central ganglionic ring of Helisoma trivolvis . The largest neurone on the dorsal surface of the left pedal ganglion is shown...

...J. E. Richmond; L. R. Funte; W. L. Smith; D. A. Price; P. G. Haydon ABSTRACT We examined the synaptic connection between Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH 2 (FMRFamide)-immunoreactive neurone VD4 and its target neurone Pl, both found in the central nervous system of the pond snail Helisoma trivolvis . The major...