...–40°C, a range spanning threshold values for sublethal fitness costs associated with sustained hot weather in arid-zone birds. Our findings confirm how taxon-specific parameters together with biologically relevant morphological data can accurately model avian thermoregulatory responses to heat...

.... Whether predicted changes in temperature will contribute to insect mortality or success, and the role of disease in their future survival, remains unclear. Although heat can enhance immunity by activating the integrated defense system (e.g. via the production of protective molecules such as heat-shock...

... . Ballinger , R. E. ( 1977 ). Reproductive strategies: food availability as a source of proximal variation in a lizard . Ecology 58 , 628 - 635 . 10.2307/1939012 Belliure , J. and Carrascal , L. M. ( 2002 ). Influence of heat transmission mode on heating rates...

... water loss (EWL) and core body temperature ( T b ) at air temperatures ( T a ) between 30°C and 52°C in male and female hornbills, and quantified evaporative cooling efficiencies and heat tolerance limits. At thermoneutral T a , neither RMR, EWL nor T b differed between sexes. At T a >40°C, however...

... frequency) and phase (timing of stimulation relative to movement) were varied. Work and impulse were measured as well as energy produced as heat. The sum of net work (work output−work input) and heat was taken as a measure of energetic cost. Maximum work output was produced with a long duty cycle...

..., for instance by phosphorylation or acetylation. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Competing interests The author declares no competing financial interests. © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Heat Body temperature Thermoregulation Thermogenesis...

... . J. Biogeogr. 33 , 71 - 90 . Boussau B. , Blanquart S. , Necsulea A. , Lartillot N. , Gouy M. ( 2008 ). Parallel adaptations to high temperatures in the Archaean eon . Nature 456 , 942 - 945 . Bowler K. ( 2005 ). Acclimation, heat shock...

.... Allele frequencies at the enzyme locus phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) vary across a climatic latitudinal gradient in these populations, with PGI allele 1 being most common in cooler regions and PGI allele 4 in warmer ones. PGI genotypes differ in heat and cold tolerance and in expression of a 70 kDa heat...

...F. Lou; W. J. Van Der Laarse; N. A. Curtin; R. C. Woledge ABSTRACT Oxygen consumption and heat production were measured during contraction and recovery of isolated, white muscle fibres from dogfish ( Scyliorhinus canicula ) at 19 °C. The contraction period consisted of 20 isometric twitches at 3 Hz...

...F. Lou; N. A. Curtin; R. C. Woledge ABSTRACT When a thermopile is used to measure the heat production of isolated muscle, the muscle is surrounded by gas saturated with water vapour, initially in equilibrium with the muscle. After contraction, the osmolarity of the muscle is raised so...

... for the tonic fibres found in amphibian muscle. These two results indicate that the red fibres in dogfish are slow, but not tonic, in their behaviour. Net work output and heat production were measured during complete cycles of sinusoidal movement. The following variables were kept constant: peak-to-peak...

...N. A. Curtin; R. C. Woledge ABSTRACT Net work output and heat production of white myotomal muscle fibres from the dogfish were measured during complete cycles of sinusoidal movement at 12°C. The peak-to-peak movement was about 9% of the muscle fibre length; three stimuli at 32ms intervals were...

...N. A. Curtin; R. C. Woledge ABSTRACT Force and heat production were measured during isovelocity shortening of tetanized white myotomal muscle fibres from the dogfish at 12 °C. For each fibre preparation a range of velocities was used. Mechanical power was calculated from force x velocity...