... is achieved in the face of conflicting directional cues in non-human animals, although this is relevant for many species in which sound localization in noisy conditions mediates mate finding or predator avoidance. We studied the effects of conflicting directional cues in male grasshoppers, Chorthippus...

... artificial diets containing near-optimal content of other nutrients for the grasshopper Schistocerca americana . Over much of the ecologically relevant range, when consuming single diets over a lifetime, higher P stimulated growth rates and increased survival, with an optimal dietary %P of 0.25–0.50% when...

... aerodynamic characteristics of wing flapping flight. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 13 7 2012 22 10 2012 © 2013. 2013 escape behavior insect flight grasshopper predator escape The American grasshopper ( Schistocerca americana ) has as its natural...

... create problems for oxygen delivery in older animals? We forced developing American locust grasshoppers ( Schistocerca americana ) to jump repeatedly and examined the effect of development on power output, endurance, lactate concentration, oxygen consumption and the oxygen sensitivity of jump performance...

...Kendra J. Greenlee; Jon F. Harrison SUMMARY We tested the hypothesis that oxygen delivery from the atmosphere to the tissues becomes more difficult as grasshoppers increase in body size throughout development due to increases in tracheal length. If this is true,then older, larger grasshoppers...

... plasticity phase transition exteroception proprioception solitary solitarious gregarious grasshopper Schistocerca gregaria Locusts have the remarkable ability to change between two morphologically,physiologically and behaviourally distinct forms depending on their population density...

...Bryan C. Rourke ABSTRACT The importance of respiratory patterns and the physical properties of cuticular lipids to insect water balance were investigated in natural populations of the grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes . I specifically test the hypotheses that patterns of discontinuous ventilation...

...Friederike Gilbert; Norbert Elsner ABSTRACT An electrophysiological method for making long-term recordings from the tympanal nerve was developed in Chorthippus biguttulus (Gomphocerinae) to gain insight into the ecophysiological constraints of sound localization in acridid grasshoppers. Using...

... from the responses to their individual constituents. * e-mail: [email protected] 17 11 1999 17 01 2000 © 2000 by Company of Biologists 2000 gustation chemoreception chemical stimulation grasshopper Schistocerca gregaria local reflex avoidance response...

... on permeability were quantified. Arrhenius plots of permeability were biphasic, and transition temperatures for water loss ( T c ) were similar to T m . In grasshoppers Melanoplus sanguinipes , changes in cuticular water loss were measured using flow-through respirometry. Transition temperatures were determined...

...Axel Michelsen; Norbert Elsner ABSTRACT An array of eight microphones, all at a distance of 15 cm, was used to make simultaneous recordings of the sounds emitted by courting male acridid grasshoppers of the species Omocestus viridulus . In this species, the movement pattern for sound production...

...Spencer T. Behmer; Damian O. Elias; Elizabeth A. Bernays ABSTRACT Behavioural studies of the grasshopper Schistocerca americana were undertaken to identify the mechanisms that regulate the intake of dietary sterols. In the first experiment, grasshoppers were allowed to feed on spinach, a plant...

... tracheal system hypoxia gas exchange grasshopper Schistocerca americana It is well known that quiescent insects can maintain constant rates of oxygen consumption in extremely low oxygen concentrations. For example, the critical values (the below which oxygen consumption begins to fall...

... 1998 © 1998 The Company of Biologists Ltd. 1998 scratching targeting reaching directed limb movement grasshopper Schistocerca gregaria Generating an efficient motor pattern to move a multi-jointed limb in three dimensions from an arbitrary starting point to a target...

...Moira J. Van Staaden; Heiner Römer ABSTRACT Pair formation in the bladder grasshopper ( Bullacris membracioides ) is by duetting and male phonotaxis. Low-frequency stridulatory signals are emitted by an abdominal resonator in the male and are answered by females using a species-specific time delay...

... of the complete behaviour pattern, is not affected. * e-mail: [email protected] 14 07 1997 ©The Company of Biologists Limited 1997 Schistocerca gregaria grasshopper central pattern generator jump A key to understanding the neural mechanisms producing any highly...

...Ralf Heinrich; Berthold Hedwig; Norbert Elsner ABSTRACT When acetylcholine (ACh) and its agonists are injected into neuropile regions of the protocerebrum and the suboesophageal ganglion of male and female grasshoppers of the species Omocestus viridulus (L.), they elicit stridulation in a pattern...

...W.-G. Ocker; B. Hedwig ABSTRACT In tethered grasshoppers, Chorthippus mollis , stridulatory leg movements were elicited by d.c. brain stimulation. Stridulatory chirps comprise both slow up-and-down movements and rapid oscillations of the hindlegs. Intracellular recording, stimulation and staining...

... of the connection when the tibia is partially or fully extended, and thus to reduce its potentially maladaptive consequences during voluntary extension movements such as thrusting. 17 10 1995 ©The Company of Biologists Limited 1996 grasshopper femoral chordotonal organ Schistocerca gregaria...

...Scotti L. Gulinson; Jon F. Harrison ABSTRACT We examined the effect of extracellular acid–base status and tracheal gas levels on the ventilation rate of resting Romalea guttata and Schistocerca americana grasshoppers. We manipulated haemolymph pH and [HCO 3 - ] within normal physiological ranges...