... control templates and morphological and behavioral evolution. In particular, granular media provide an excellent testbed for a locomotion framework called geometric mechanics, which was introduced by particle physicists and control engineers in the last century, and which allows quantitative analysis...

..., thus swimming in an approximate tube of self-fluidized granular media. We measured deviations from tube movement by introducing a parameter, the local slip angle, β s , which measures the angle between the direction of movement of each segment and body orientation. The average β s was smaller...

... and activities, increases nutrient regeneration, and gates the burial of organic carbon and pollutants in sediments ( Meysman et al., 2006 ). Fracture Fluidization Granular media Hydrostatic skeleton Sediment mechanics Invertebrate locomotion © 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd...

... of transport as the animal descends into granular media. The differences in the EMG pattern compared with EMG of undulatory swimmers in fluids can be attributed to the friction-dominated intrusion forces of granular media. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 24 1 2012...

... are still lacking to calculate ground reaction forces during locomotion granular media, a low-speed penetration force model was previously used to explain the locomotor performance of a legged robot on granular media ( Li et al., 2009 ). Similarly, to estimate the vertical ground reaction force...