... signaling but elevated TOR kinase activity, a manipulation known to reduce lifespan. We also identify a sexually dimorphic effect of larval hypoxia on adult nutrient storage and mobilization. Thus, we find that males, but not females, show elevated levels of lipids and glycogen. Moreover, we see that both...

... (rate of appearance, R a ) and inhibits disposal (rate of disposal, R d ) in rainbow trout. Changes in the mRNA abundance of key proteins involved in glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and glycogen breakdown were also monitored. The results show that glucagon increases glycaemia (+38%) by causing a temporary...

..., but burrowing speed and endurance are impaired by the low or fluctuating salinity. Bioturbation Energy costs Hyposalinity Fluctuating salinity Mitochondria Aerobic capacity Energy reserves Proteins Lipids Glycogen Burrowing benthic organisms (bioturbators) serve as ecosystem engineers...

..., growth rates, glycogen and triglyceride content, and candidate gene expression. During acute heat shock, both species upregulated HSP90 and HSP70 , although V. lienosa showed consistently greater transcript levels during upregulation. This pattern was consistent during the chronic warming simulation...

..., starvation resistance, physiology, endocrinology and behavior in the adults. We found that the larval starvation caused adult honey bees to become more resilient toward starvation. Moreover, the adult bees were characterized by reduced ovary size, elevated glycogen stores and juvenile hormone (JH) titers...

... tergites. The head and thorax were quickly cut into pieces and the abdomen was collected by removing the digestive tract and sting apparatus. All samples were quickly flash-frozen in liquid nitrogen. Glucose and trehalose were measured in the hemolymph, and glycogen and triglycerides were measured...

... in normoxia. Glycogen-depletion measurements suggest that metabolic processes were initially supported by glycolysis but that an alternative fuel source was used to support the sustained rates of ATP production. The maintenance of intracellular pH during anoxia indicates a remarkable ability of the myocytes...

... showed a decrease in glycogen stores, while both glucose and glycogen content decreased over time when the organisms were exposed to repeated freezing. The results therefore suggest that carbohydrate resources are important as a fuel for E. albidus during freezing whereas lipid resources are of marginal...

...Jorge J. Pérez-Maceira; María J. Mancebo; Manuel Aldegunde SUMMARY In this study, we evaluated the serotonin-mediated control of cerebral glycogen levels in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss . Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of serotonin (5-HT) to normoglycemic trout (time...

... three temperature conditions tested, net rate of lactate metabolism exceeded that of glucose. Acute exposure to 5°C reduced net rate of glucose metabolism by 15×and net lactate metabolism by 10× as compared with 25°C-exposed tissues. Acclimation to 5°C favored glucose storage as glycogen and increased...

..., suggesting an evolutionary limit of unknown origin. We hypothesized that HR mice would have higher glycogen levels before nightly running, show greater depletion of those depots during their more intense wheel running, and have increased glycogen synthase activity and GLUT-4 protein in skeletal muscle. We...

... fiber growth diffusion metabolic modeling reaction-diffusion exercise metabolism scaling crustacean blue crab Callinectes sapidus phosphagen arginine phosphate glycogen mitochondria The muscles that power swimming in the blue crab, Callinectes sapidus , grow by increasing...

...Julien Issartel; Yann Voituron; Valentina Odagescu; Anne Baudot; Geneviève Guillot; Jean-Pierre Ruaud; David Renault; Philippe Vernon; Frédéric Hervant SUMMARY Crystallization temperature ( T c ), resistance to inoculative freezing (IF), ice contents, bound water, protein and glycogen body...

... by closed system respirometry, using water of P O 2 ranging from 145 to 40 mmHg. Correlative changes in body glycogen and lactate were examined by standard enzyme assays. Scaling patterns in the growth and degrowth stages were analysed on whole-body, log-transformed data using linear regressions...

... in the current investigation that part of the glycogen reserve in hearts and brains of hatchlings is mobilized during the first 10 days of exposure to –6°C but that glucose from hepatic glycogen supports metabolism of the organs thereafter. Hatchlings that were held at –6°C for 10 days and then at +3°C...

...Ghazala Raja; Sally Mills; T. Norman Palmer; Paul A. Fournier SUMMARY It is not clear whether the amount of accumulated lactate is the main factor limiting muscle glycogen accumulation during recovery from an intense sprint performed by previously active fasted laboratory rats. To address...

... are elevated by 24%, 43% and 113%,respectively. In addition, a significant depletion of liver carbohydrate (50%)and of fat deposited in the visceral fat bodies (24%) and in the tail (25%)and a slight loss of skeletal muscle protein (14%) were measured halfway through the inactive period. Otherwise, glycogen...

... exercise(time 0), half of the metyrapone-treated fish received a single injection of cortisol, to mimic the post-exercise rise usually observed. Muscle glycogen and the relative activities of glycogen phosphorylase a (Phos a ) and glycogen synthase I (GSase I ), regulatory enzymes for glycogen resynthesis...

... glycogen content (concentration multiplied by liver mass) was highest in frogs from Minnesota and Missouri, and was stored in preference to lipids in Minnesota frogs, possibly to provide energy for the longer northern winters. Minnesota frogs accumulated more ice (53.4±1.8%) after freezing to–2.5°C than...

...Ghazala Raja; Lambert Bräu; T. Norman Palmer; Paul A. Fournier SUMMARY Even in the absence of food intake, several animal species recovering from physical activity of high intensity can replenish completely their muscle glycogen stores. In some species of mammals, such as in rats and humans...