... gastrocnemius in general. To our knowledge, muscle fiber mechanics have only been reported from human latissimus dorsi ‘fine needle’ biopsy samples ( Paoli et al., 2010 ) and not medial gastrocnemius micro-biopsy samples. Peak stress from male gastrocnemius single fibers adjusted to an average sarcomere length...

... hindlimb muscles (medial gastrocnemius and plantaris) across a range of gait (walk, trot and gallop) and grade (level and incline) conditions. We use these data to explore how the pattern of force production, muscle activation and muscle length changes across conditions in a small quadrupedal mammal...

... had 17% longer r than RFS runners, but all runners had similarly sized medial and lateral gastrocnemius (MG and LG) muscles. Because muscle size also depends on activation pattern ( Ahn et al., 2011 ), we compared MG:LG activation bias during walking in 24 runners and 23 sedentary subjects. Half...

... understanding of the underlying structural mechanisms that have functional implications. The medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscles from 12 subjects were imaged during plantarflexion movements on a dynamometer. The muscle belly was simultaneously scanned from two orthogonal directions using two ultrasound...

... during contraction from the resting condition were assumed to be proportional to the longitudinal elongations within those regions (Poisson's ratio). Rather than tendon regions of smallest CSA undergoing the greatest deformations, the outcome was region specific, with the proximal (gastrocnemius) tendon...

... aerobic metabolism (A) and unselected, control lines (C). We investigated putative adaptations that result in the increased performance of the hindlimb muscle (gastrocnemius joined with plantaris). The body mass-adjusted muscle mass was higher in A-lines (0.093 g) than in C-lines (0.083 g; P =0.01...

...Chris Tijs; Jaap H. van Dieën; Huub Maas ABSTRACT Triceps surae muscles are mechanically connected by the shared Achilles tendon and by epimuscular myofascial connections. We aimed to assess the effects of proximal lengthening of gastrocnemius and plantaris muscles, imposed by changes in knee angle...

... experimentally investigated the contributions of visual perception (visual feedback), proprioceptive feedback and feed-forward patterns to the muscle activity responsible for these adaptations. The activity of three bilateral lower limb muscles (m. gastrocnemius medialis, m. tibialis anterior and m. vastus...

.... Proprioception Autogenic excitation Reciprocal inhibition Electromyography Restraint Tibialis anterior Gastrocnemius Chicks are precocious walkers. Within hours of hatching they can be trained to walk down darkened corridors ( Sindhurakar and Bradley, 2010 ) and to negotiate dynamic postural...

... the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and the Achilles tendon (AT) showing the MG merging into the tendon (A–C). (D) Longitudinal scan of the MTJ to help the reader orientate the transverse scans. Fig. 3. Example of the first part of a transverse scan sequence at the muscle–tendon junction (MTJ) between the medial...

... soleus gastrocnemius plantaris cat locomotion paw-shake The neuromuscular and musculoskeletal systems of many animals enable them to complete a wide range of motor tasks. Related to the different demands placed on these systems, the structure of skeletal muscles in such animals shows great...

... that regulates the actin–myosin interaction during contraction and modulates force output. In response to normal growth and experimental body weight increases, alternative splicing of Tnnt3 in rat gastrocnemius muscle was adjusted in a quantitative fashion. The response depended on weight per se, as externally...

... gastrocnemius muscle–tendon units from measures of ankle stiffness obtained at a range of knee angles. Passive length–tension curves of the muscle–tendon unit were then combined with ultrasonographic measures of muscle fascicle length and pennation to determine passive length–tension curves of the muscle...

... fowl Numida meleagris lateral gastrocnemius (LG) and digital flexor-IV (DF-IV), during level and incline locomotion. During level locomotion, the LG and DF-IV exhibit differing muscle fascicle strain patterns: the LG shortens by 10-15% while developing force,whereas the DF-IV undergoes a stretch...