... on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release. Animals that survive anoxia must also tolerate reoxygenation – a major challenge that could cause a massive production of damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, the handling of succinate, which builds up during anoxia, is critical. Interestingly...

..., from regulatory legislation to pharmacological alternatives that ameliorate the impairments. Fipronil, a commonly used insecticide, acts as a GABA A receptor (GABA A R) antagonist and induces motor impairments in vertebrates and invertebrates. Here, we hypothesized that kaempferol, a secondary...

...Jodi T. Thomas; Blake L. Spady; Philip L. Munday; Sue-Ann Watson ABSTRACT Projected future carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) levels in the ocean can alter marine animal behaviours. Disrupted functioning of γ-aminobutyric acid type A (GABA A ) receptors (ligand-gated chloride channels) is suggested to underlie...

... tachypnea in heat) and heat loss index (cutaneous vasomotion) in 1 week old chicken exposed to neutral (31°C), cold (26°C) and hot (36°C) conditions. Intra-medullary raphe antagonism of NMDA glutamate (AP5; 0.5, 5 mmol l −1 ) and GABA A (bicuculline; 0.05, 0.5 mmol l −1 ) receptors reduced T b of chicks...

... ( Austrofundulus limnaeus ) survives in ephemeral ponds in the coastal deserts of Venezuela and their embryos have the remarkable ability to tolerate anoxia for months. When exposed to anoxia, embryos of A. limnaeus respond by producing significant amounts of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This study aims...

... acid (GABA) – of these cells. Therefore, we tested whether GABAergic and glutamatergic inputs to pacemaker nucleus neurons are involved in the emission of submissive electric signals in G. omarorum . We found that GABA applied to pacemaker cells evokes EOD interruptions that closely resemble natural...

...Ashley R. Miles; Peter J. Hawrysh; Nariman Hossein-Javaheri; Leslie T. Buck ABSTRACT Unlike anoxia-intolerant mammals, painted turtles can survive extended periods without oxygen. This is partly accomplished by an anoxia-mediated increase in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release, which activates...

... identified two candidate histamine-gated chloride channels, PxHCLA and PxHCLB, and studied their physiological properties using a whole-cell patch-clamp technique. We studied the responses of channels expressed in cultured cells to histamine as well as to other neurotransmitter candidates, namely GABA...

...–base regulation, causing the reversal of ionic fluxes through GABA A receptors, which leads to altered neuronal function. This model is exclusively based on differential effects of the GABA A receptor antagonist gabazine on control animals and those exposed to elevated CO 2 . However, direct...

... biological processes. Accumulation of several metabolites, including specific amino acids, glycerol and gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), and transcript shifts in the associated pathways for generating these metabolites indicated congruence between changes in the metabolome and gene expression. Ticks treated...

... with the anxiolytic chlordiazepoxide, confirming that suppression of ALB by this GABA-A receptor ligand acts downstream and is independent of changes in crayfish bioamine levels. Our study also provides evidence that the anxiogenic effect of 5-HT injections can be prevented by a preliminary injection of 5-HT...

.... GABA application (0.001–0.5 mmol l –1 ) augmented fictive air breathing in tadpole preparations. However, this effect of GABA was no longer observed following corticosterone treatment. An increase in circulating corticosterone is one of the endocrine processes that orchestrate central nervous system...

... chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS) analysis, immunocytochemistry and pharmacological manipulations, we tested the role of the diffusible amino acids glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and a short-lived diffusible gas, nitric oxide (NO), in triggering or modulating contractions in Ephydatia muelleri...

...Hao Fei; Dawnis M. Chow; Audrey Chen; Rafael Romero-Calderón; Wei S. Ong; Larry C. Ackerson; Nigel T. Maidment; Julie H. Simpson; Mark A. Frye; David E. Krantz SUMMARY The role of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) release and inhibitory neurotransmission in regulating most behaviors remains unclear...

...Cathleen Rotte; Jeannine Witte; Wolfgang Blenau; Otto Baumann; Bernd Walz SUMMARY Cockroach salivary glands are innervated by dopaminergic and serotonergic neurons. Both transmitters elicit saliva secretion. We studied the distribution pattern of neurons containing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA...

... – -dependent neurotransmission(GABA/glycine) contribute to developmental changes in noradrenergic modulation. Experiments were performed on preparations from pre-metamorphics tadpoles (TK stages V–XIII) and adult bullfrogs. Acute exposure to hypoxic superfusate (98% N 2 , 2% CO 2 ) increased fictive lung...

... 4 days of post-diapause II development and is then lost. Metabolism during anoxia appears to be supported mainly by production of lactate, with alanine and succinate production contributing to a lesser degree. Anoxic embryos also accumulate large quantities of γ-aminobutyrate (GABA), a potential...

... a neurone at rest in normoxia was subjected to severe hypoxia, action potential firing frequency decreased by 38% (from 2.4-1.5 spikes s -1 ), and the resting membrane potential hyperpolarized from -70.3 to -75.1 mV. Blocking GABA A receptor-mediated synaptic transmission with the antagonist bicuculline...

... of GABA caused inhibition of Ca influx that steadily increased from proximal to distal terminal boutons on a branch. We propose a model where presynaptic inhibition causes localized shunting of an actively propagated action potential in the vicinity of release sites, which can recover its amplitude...

... axons showed glutamate-like immunoreactivity. It is likely that glutamate is a neurotransmitter for the cardio-acceleratory neurons. The heartbeat was inhibited by application of γ-amino-butyric acid(GABA). Cardiac inhibition induced by activation of CI axons was blocked by picrotoxin. CI axons showed...