... vertebrates. Breathing control Frogs In vitro preparation Motoneurons Patch-clamp Respiratory-related synaptic inputs U.S. Department of Defense http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000005 W911NF2010275 National Institutes of Health 1R01NS114514 1R15NS112920...

... evidence of increased force capacity in their energy loading muscle, changes in the fundamental properties of such muscles have yet to be documented in vertebrates. Here, we used three species of frogs (Cuban tree frogs, bullfrogs and cane toads) that differ in jumping power to investigate functional...

... effects of limb inertia, musculoskeletal architecture and contractile dynamics. We introduce in vitro virtual reality ( in vitro -VR) which enables in vitro muscle tissue to drive a musculoskeletal jumping simulation. In hardware, muscle force from a frog plantaris was transmitted to a software model...

...Christopher Thomas Richards; Laura Beatriz Porro; Amber Jade Collings ABSTRACT The kinematic flexibility of frog hindlimbs enables multiple locomotor modes within a single species. Prior work has extensively explored maximum performance capacity in frogs; however, the mechanisms by which anurans...

... enzyme from localized gland cells, then behaviorally exit their capsule in seconds to escape predator attacks. This represents a novel hatching mechanism in frogs. Hatching gland cells Phenotypic plasticity Frogs Embryo behavior Antipredator defense Hatching is an essential event...

... examined brevinin-1SY regulation during development and in adult frogs in response to environmental stress. The brevinin-1SY nucleotide sequence was identified and used for protein modeling. Brevinin-1SY was predicted to be an amphipathic, hydrophobic, alpha helical peptide that inserts into a lipid...

... kinematics feeding behavior tongue protraction breathing frogs Bufo marinus The ballistic phase of tongue protraction in Bufo marinus has several important implications for neural control. First, the transition to inertial elongation of the tongue greatly limits the degree to which its...

...Günter Ehret; Elke Keilwerth; Tsutomu Kamada ABSTRACT Frequency–response curves of the tympanum and lateral body wall (lung area) were measured by laser Doppler vibrometry in three treefrog ( Smilisca baudini, Hyla cinerea, Osteopilus septentrionalis ) and four dendrobatid frog ( Dendrobates...

...Stephen M. Deban; Kiisa C. Nishikawa ABSTRACT Prey capture was studied in the green tree frog (Hyla cinerea) before and after denervation of either the m. genioglossus or m. submentalis using high-speed videography and kinematic analysis. The prey capture behavior and extent of tongue protraction...

...KIISA C. NISHIKAWA; GERHARD ROTH The mechanism of tongue protraction in the archaeobatrachian frog Discoglossus pictus was studied using high-speed video motion analysis before and after denervation of the submentalis and genioglossus muscles. The kinematics of prey capture were compared (1...