... increased with advancing age. Here, we asked whether R. marginata has evolved foraging strategies different from those of honey bees and desert ants. In particular, we tested whether foragers of R. marginata spend a substantial amount of time outside their nest during the initial phase...

...., 2013 ) and seed collectors ( Detrain et al., 2000 ; Willott et al., 2000 ). They actively form these so-called trunk trails by removing objects (leaf litter) from the floor to increase the walking speed of workers ( Plowes et al., 2013 ). Ants deploy a large variety of foraging strategies, ranging...

... is predicted to increase as a cubic function of swim speed during stroking (e.g. Kooyman, 1989 ; Otani et al., 2001 ). Therefore, how animals choose their swim speed is important to understand their foraging strategy via its effect on their energy budget. Another key aspect of energetic expenditure is load...

... shearwaters combining chick feeding and self-maintenance, bimodal foraging trip durations optimise feeding rates. Foraging strategy Puffinus puffinus Bio-logging GPS Diving Resource allocation between parents and their offspring during reproduction is a central issue in life-history theory...

... ) 2 8 2011 resting metabolic rate energy expenditure Molossus foraging strategy social foraging torpor A large part of animals' lives is characterized by the effort to maximize energy intake while minimizing energy investment in order to accumulate energy for reproduction...

... of the energy expenditure of foraging penguins, e.g. using heart rates, will constitute a powerful tool for investigating the effects of environmental conditions on their foraging strategy. This technique will expand our ability to monitor many animals in the field. * e-mail: [email protected]...