... with climate change. The causal processes underpinning MHW effects in sharks are unclear but may be linked to changes in fitness caused by physiological trade-offs that influence the immune response. Considering the scarcity of data about the immune response of sharks under anomalous warming events...

... hypothesized that male perfumes honestly indicate aspects of male fitness. If perfume traits such as quantity or complexity increase over individual lifetime, perfumes could reflect age (survival) and cumulative foraging success of males. We conducted a two-season mark–recapture study with Euglossa imperialis...

...-dormancy energy stores. Over the last century, the community of researchers working on survival during dormancy has operated under the strong assumption that energy limitation is a key fitness trait driving the evolution of seasonal strategies. That is, energy use has to be minimized during dormancy...

... individual fitness in adulthood. Environmental conditions during development can influence many aspects of adult phenotype and fitness. In humans, under- or over-nutrition at the fetal stage can increase predisposition to metabolic disease at the adult stage (see review in Gluckman et al., 2008...

... with epigenetic control of physiology is only beginning to emerge. This Review gives insights into how food availability times, affected by changes in eating schedules and/or by alterations in feeding environment or lifestyle, could have hitherto unknown consequences on the physiology and reproductive fitness...

... is a consequence of cell shrinkage in response to hypoxia, (iii) this response enables organisms to maintain a wide scope for aerobic performance, and (iv) it prevents a decrease in fitness. We examined three clones of the rotifer Lecane inermis exposed to three experimental regimes: mild hypoxia, severe hypoxia...

....1606101113 von Arx , M. , Sullivan , K. A. and Raguso , R. A. ( 2013 ). Dual fitness benefits of post-mating sugar meals for female hawkmoths ( Hyles lineata ) . J. Insect Physiol. 59 , 458 - 465 . 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2013.01.006 Watt , W. B. , Hoch , P. C...

...Dominic Mason; Susanne Zajitschek; Hamza Anwer; Rose E. O'Dea; Daniel Hesselson; Shinichi Nakagawa ABSTRACT Aversive learning – avoiding certain situations based on negative experiences – can profoundly increase fitness in animal species, yet no studies have systematically quantified its...

...Jessica Alice Leivesley; Njal Rollinson ABSTRACT The Charnov–Bull model of differential fitness is often used to explain the evolution and maintenance of temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). Most tests of the model focus on morphological proxies of fitness, such as size traits, whereas...

... strategies of hosts and parasitoids to cope with the continuum of predictable and unpredictable fluctuating temperatures in a changing climate context. Bet-hedging Fitness Fluctuating Global warming Insects Plasticity Globally, climatic conditions are currently changing at an unprecedented...

...Tiia Kärkkäinen; Pauliina Teerikorpi; Wiebke Schuett; Antoine Stier; Toni Laaksonen ABSTRACT Early-life conditions are crucial determinants of phenotype and fitness. The effects of pre- and post-natal conditions on fitness prospects have been widely studied but their interactive effects have...

... Macronutrient content Protein Spider Fitness Growth Reproduction As for all organisms, predators experience trade-offs between life-history traits or fitness components, including growth, reproduction and survival, due to limited resources within a set time frame ( Roff, 2002 ; Stearns, 1992...

...Shelly C. McCain; Sydney Kopelic; Thomas M. Houslay; Alastair J. Wilson; Huanda Lu; Ryan L. Earley ABSTRACT In heterogeneous environments, mobile species should occupy habitats in which their fitness is maximized. Mangrove rivulus fish inhabit mangrove ecosystems where salinities range from 0 to 65...

... no competing or financial interests. 13 5 2019 30 6 2019 © 2019. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2019 http://www.biologists.com/user-licence-1-1/ Summary: Uncontrolled production of an immune mediator, PGE2, leads to fitness costs accompanying reduction...

...Kaitlyn G. Holden; Dawn M. Reding; Neil B. Ford; Anne M. Bronikowski ABSTRACT Early-life experiences can have far-reaching consequences for phenotypes into adulthood. The effect of early-life experiences on fitness, particularly under adverse conditions, is mediated by resource allocation...

...Tim S. Jessop; Jonathan Webb; Tim Dempster; Benjamin Feit; Mike Letnic ABSTRACT Animals use irruptive movement to avoid exposure to stochastic and pervasive environmental stressors that impact fitness. Beneficial irruptive movements transfer individuals from high-stress areas (conferring low...

... important for parasitoid larvae as they lack lipogenesis and therefore rely entirely on the host for this resource. The goal of this study was to determine to what extent winged and wingless aphids differ from a nutritional point of view and whether these differences impact parasitoid fitness, notably...

...Marko D. Prokić; Svetlana G. Despotović; Tijana Z. Vučić; Tamara G. Petrović; Jelena P. Gavrić; Branka R. Gavrilović; Tijana B. Radovanović; Zorica S. Saičić ABSTRACT Oxidative stress has most recently been suggested as one of the possible mechanisms responsible for reduced fitness of hybrids...

...Alex M. Rubin; Richard W. Blob; Christopher J. Mayerl ABSTRACT Self-righting performance is a key ability for most terrestrial animals, and has been used as a metric of fitness, exhaustion and thermal limits in a variety of taxa. However, there is little understanding of the underlying mechanisms...

... time, reproduction and lifespan of the organism. Studies so far have focused on discriminating between protein and carbohydrate uptake and the consequences on fitness components at different life stages. However, it is largely unknown whether and how the developmental diets, which may entail habitat...