... will have to deal with the situation at impact. For jumping insects such as Cercopoidea (froghoppers) or Siphonaptera (fleas) with a very small body mass, the impact on the substrate is probably not an important factor to take into account with respect to damage to the exoskeleton. However...

... consequences for their hydrostatic skeleton that may constrain terrestrial crab size. Crustacea Exoskeleton Hydrostatic skeleton Mechanical properties Callinectes sapidus Gecarcinus lateralis The evolution of the rigid exoskeleton (i.e. cuticle) is considered a significant factor...

...://www.biologists.com/user-licence-1-1/ Summary: A soft robotic exosuit designed to assist the paretic limb during walking can induce more symmetrical body center of mass power generation by the paretic and non-paretic limbs and reduce metabolic power consumption during hemiparetic walking. Exoskeleton...

...Anna V. Ivanina; Halina I. Falfushynska; Elia Beniash; Helen Piontkivska; Inna M. Sokolova ABSTRACT The molluscan exoskeleton (shell) plays multiple important roles including structural support, protection from predators and stressors, and physiological homeostasis. Shell formation is a tightly...

... is regarded as mainly triggered and controlled by hormones, environmental factors may also affect ecdysis. For example, heavy metal loads in the exoskeleton of some arthropods may trigger the molting of terrestrial as well as marine arthropods, such as woodlice ( Raessler et al., 2005 ) and fiddler crabs...

...% (1.50 m s –1 ) and 140% (1.75 m s –1 ) of their preferred step length (L * ) at 1.25 m s –1 . In each condition subjects donned robotic ankle exoskeletons on both legs. The exoskeletons were powered by artificial pneumatic muscles and controlled using soleus electromyography (i.e. proportional...

...Gregory S. Sawicki; Daniel P. Ferris SUMMARY We examined healthy human subjects wearing robotic ankle exoskeletons to study the metabolic cost of ankle muscle–tendon work during uphill walking. The exoskeletons were powered by artificial pneumatic muscles and controlled by the user's soleus...

... is present in extremely high concentrations in the hemolymph of the crab during the premolt portion of the molt cycle. Both proteins are specifically expressed in the same type of cell in the hepatopancreas and secreted into the hemolymph, but cryptocyanin plays a major role in forming the new exoskeleton...

... behaviour and relates these changes to the development of the exoskeleton and jumping performance. In mature adults and intermoult larvae, the exoskeleton is strong and kicks can readily be elicited. Before and after the adult moult, when the exoskeleton is weak, kicks can be elicited less frequently, thus...

... locomotory systems. 5 2 1993 © 1993 by Company of Biologists 1993 strain locomotion gait exoskeleton crustaceans Ocypode quadrata crab Animals change gaits very much like we change gears when driving wheeled vehicles. Each gait transition is marked by an abrupt change...

... . Prange , H. D. ( 1977 ). The scaling and mechanics of arthropod exoskeletons . In Scale Effects in Animal Locomotion (ed. T. J. Pedley ), pp. 169 – 181 . London : Academic Press . Queathum , E. ( 1991 ). The ontogeny of grasshopper jumping performance . J. Insect Physiol...