... view of the molecular origins of cardiac arrhythmias and their functional consequences, from the level of ion channels to cardiac electrical activity in living fish. First, we describe the current knowledge of the cardiac excitation–contraction coupling of fish, as the electrical activity of the heart...

...E. Mendoza; D. S. Moen; N. C. Holt ABSTRACT Skeletal muscle powers animal movement, making it an important determinant of fitness. The classic excitation–contraction coupling, sliding-filament and crossbridge theories are thought to describe the processes of muscle activation and the generation...

... of cardiac performance to support an active lifestyle over reducing cardiac ATP demand when exposed to prolonged aquatic hypoxia without air access. Action potential Electrocardiogram Excitation–contraction coupling Heart K + channels Temperature Freshwater fish that reside in the north...

... and ryanodine receptors in the SR. However, this phenomenon was not observed in atrial myocytes. Taken together, these findings help to explain the high-efficiency avian myocyte excitation–contraction coupling with regard to their reptilian-like cellular ultrastructure. * Author for correspondence...

...://www.biologists.com/user-licence-1-1/ Summary: Low temperature pre-conditions fish heart for prolonged anoxia by changes in activity of excitation–contraction coupling genes and thereby allows sustained bradycardia and prolongation of ventricular action potential when oxygen shortage sets in. Anoxia...

... temperature, we examined the effect of low temperature (5°C) on several events in excitation–contraction coupling in the migratory locust ( Locusta migratoria ). Intracellular membrane potential recordings during single nerve stimulations showed that 70% of fibers at 20°C produced an action potential (AP...

... , 569 - 572 . 10.1038/346569a0 Ahern , C. A. , Arikkath , J. , Vallejo , P. , Gurnett , C. A. , Powers , P. A. , Campbell , K. P. and Coronado , R. ( 2001a ). Intramembrane charge movements and excitation- contraction coupling expressed by two-domain fragments...

... contractility in transgenic mouse hearts . Circ. Res. 83 , 1205 – 1214 . Bers D. M. ( 2002 ). Cardiac excitation–contraction coupling . Nature 415 , 198 – 205 . Birkedal R. , Christopher J. , Thistlethwaite A. , Shiels H. A. ( 2009 ). Temperature acclimation has...

... acclimation to low temperatures increases the use of SR Ca 2+ in excitation–contraction coupling. The hypotheses that chamber-specific and temperature-induced differences in SR function are due to the increased SR CASQ content were tested in rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss )acclimated at either 4°C (cold...

.... Hove-Madsen and Generalitat de Catalunya (FPI grant) to A. Llach, (MAR97-402-C02) to L. Tort,and the NSERC of Canada to G. F. Tibbits. References Balke, C. W., Egan, T. M. and Wier, W. G. ( 1994 ). Processes that remove calcium from the cytoplasm during excitation-contraction coupling in intact...

.... Am. J. Physiol. 268 , C1313 -C1319. Bers, D. M. ( 1987 ). Ryanodine and the calcium content of cardiac SR assessed by caffeine and rapid cooling contractures. Am. J. Physiol. 253 , C408 -C415. Bers, D. M. ( 2001 ). Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Cardiac Contractile Force...

... for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 21 8 2002 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2002 2002 excitation—contraction coupling Ca 2+ skeletal muscle caudal muscle hagfish Eptatretus burgeri Hagfishes are now considered, on both morphological and molecular...

... ). Heart failure after myocardial infarction: altered excitation-contraction coupling. Circulation 104 , 688 -693. Herve, J. C., Yamaoka, K., Twist, V. W., Powell, T., Ellory, J. C. and Wang, L. C. H. ( 1992 ). Temperature dependence of electrophysiological properties of guinea pig and ground...

... this facilitatory relationship, indicating that calcium stores participate in excitation–contraction coupling. Calcium stores were identified ultrastructurally using enzymatic histochemistry to localize CaATPases, and potassium dichromate to precipitate calcium. Electron energy-loss spectroscopy was used to verify...

... 2000 heart rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss myocyte stimulation frequency Ca 2+ transient Fura-2 action potential sarcoplasmic reticulum excitation–contraction coupling Cardiac output is the product of heart rate and stroke volume. In fish, cardiac muscle contractility...

... 1999 fish heart ventricle atrium sarcoplasmic reticulum ryanodine force restitution rest-potentiation excitation–contraction coupling rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss In mammals, atrial systole occurs immediately before ventricular systole and thus allows atrial contraction...

... Ca 2+ during the action potential were estimated using voltage-clamp experiments on fish ventricular cells. Na + /Ca 2+ exchange L-type Ca 2+ current fish heart cardiac myocyte action potential excitation–contraction coupling thermal acclimation activation of contraction cell...

... temperature acclimation fish heart sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ uptake excitation–contraction coupling thapsigargin Fura-2 rainbow trout crucian carp Carassius carassius Oncorhynchus mykiss Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) participates in the contraction and relaxation of cardiac muscle...

... excitation–contraction coupling cuttlefish Sepia officinalis octopus Eledone cirrhosa mantle muscle The cephalopod mantle performs many functions including slow swimming, fast swimming, escape jetting and respiration ( Bone et al . 1994 ). The mantle contains at least two orientations...

... and seems to be regulated by a ryanodine-insensitive mechanism, while at 25°C force is correlated with the maximal rate of force development and the sarcoplasmic reticulum appears to contribute significantly to excitation-contraction coupling. This point was further explored in Fig. 5A , which shows...