...Izzy C. Tiddy; C. Melman Neill; Alexander Rosén; Yuha Hasegawa; Paolo Domenici; Jacob L. Johansen; John F. Steffensen ABSTRACT Energy efficiency is a key component of movement strategy for many species. In fish, optimal swimming speed ( U opt ) is the speed at which the mass-specific energetic cost...

... output Energy efficiency Particle image velocimetry 13 C-Labelled sodium bicarbonate Wind tunnel The power required for birds to fly can be predicted from flight mechanical models ( Klein Heerenbrink et al., 2015 ; Pennycuick, 1968 , 2008 ), which in combination with optimality models can...

... suggests novel mechanisms for muscle eccentric contraction based on interactions among myosin, actin and titin. Active stretch Winding filament hypothesis Energy efficiency Titin activation Eccentric, or lengthening, contractions occur in muscles when the external force acting on them...

... from oxidation to storage within the tissue. Mitochondria Bioenergetics Energy efficiency Starvation Birds Oxidative metabolism Fasting is a major characteristic of the life cycle of many wild mammals and birds. These periods of fasting occur during reproduction, moult or migration...

... that mitochondria are on average 15% more energy efficient in naturally fasted than in experimentally fed chicks, indicating that fasted birds consume less nutrients to sustain their energy-demanding processes. We also found that moderate reductions in temperature from 38°C to 30°C further increase by 23...

... biophysical relationships, to their function. These findings emphasize that neurons are subject to a law of diminishing returns that severely penalizes excess functional capacity with increased energetic costs. The high energetic costs associated with neural tissue favour energy efficient coding and wiring...