... and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. Summary: For every 1% increase in step length variability, there is a 1.1% increase in metabolic power. This suggests that step length variability contributes modestly to the cost of human walking. Energetics Step...

...Ana Paula Cutrera; Facundo Luna ABSTRACT Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the most commonly measured energetic variable in endothermic animals. Identifying the underlying factors driving interspecific variation in BMR remains a major question in the field of energetics. While body size ( M...

...) with increasing whale body size. Such constraints likely shaped the ecology and energetics of foraging at the largest scales. Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Competing interests The authors declare no competing or financial interests. © 2025. Published by The Company...

..., energetics and ecology relevant to locomotion forms the basis of researchers striving to bridge those divides and providing a common language and perspective. Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) Competing interests The authors declare no competing or financial interests...

... diverse hydrodynamic landscapes. Here, we show clever ways fishes bend the rules of a non-linear speed–energetics curve to save energy below and above optimal cruising speeds. The findings from these behavioral adjustments hold broader implications for understanding fish performance under dynamic...

... interactions with the environment. This Commentary advocates for an ecologically relevant approach to lab studies. Specific examples have brought new understanding to the energetic consequences of fish swimming, such as (1) station holding around bluff bodies, which departs drastically from steady swimming...

..., including oxidative stress responses to thermally induced mitochondrial overdrive and dysfunction. We examine the energetic consequences of these mechanisms and how they shift organismal traits, including growth, reproduction and immune function. We conclude by considering important future directions...

... budgets. Energetic costs of flapping flight were higher than all other kittiwake behaviours (5.54×basal metabolic rate, BMR). Energetic costs of gliding flight (0.80×BMR) were the lowest of all behaviours, and equivalent to the cost of resting at the colony. DEE for our birds estimated from our...

...Loubna Baroudi; Kira Barton; Stephen M. Cain; K. Alex Shorter ABSTRACT Speeds that minimize energetic cost during steady-state walking have been observed during lab-based investigations of walking biomechanics and energetics. However, in real-world scenarios, humans walk in a variety of contexts...

... mechanisms for adapting to a rapidly changing aquatic environment. Gymnotiformes Water quality Electric organ discharge Energetics Anthropogenic disturbances National Science Foundation http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100000001 IOS 1350753 DBI 2021880 University of Oklahoma Case...

... Plasticity ROS Energetics Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000038 Queen Elizabeth II Graduate Scholarship in Science and Technology Western University http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100004381...

... 2024. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2024 Summary: Standard methods of quantifying performance under singular stable temperatures may not adequately reflect rates of physiological processes of animals experiencing natural, cycling temperature regimes. Lizard Energetics...

...Adam F. Parlin; Mitchell J. Kendzel; Orley R. Taylor, Jr; Theresa M. Culley; Stephen F. Matter; Patrick A. Guerra ABSTRACT Migration is an energetically taxing phenomenon as animals move across vast, heterogeneous landscapes where the cost of transport is impacted by permissible ambient conditions...

...Kevin T. Roberts; Andre Szejner-Sigal; Philipp Lehmann ABSTRACT In seasonal environments, many animals, including insects, enter dormancy, where they are limited to a fixed energy budget. The inability to replenish energetic stores during these periods suggests insects should be constrained by pre...

... 2 ,max , but not BMR, and do not differ from control lines in organ mass; V̇ O 2 ,max and BMR are uncorrelated. These results offer limited support for the aerobic capacity model, but are relevant to the ‘behavior evolves first’ model. Basal metabolic rate Behavior Endothermy Energetics...

... some evidence for an energetic advantage from sex reversal in both species but do not exclude energetic processes as a constraint on the distribution of sex reversal in nature. A total of 760 measurements for 40 individuals (male SR XX: n =13, female XX: n =15, male XY: n =12) were recorded...

... rate data loggers in southern elephant seals ( Mirounga leonina ) . Polar Biol. 40 , 2307 - 2312 . 10.1007/s00300-017-2144-x Costa , D. P. ( 1991a ). Reproductive and foraging energetics of high latitude penguins, albatrosses and pinnipeds: implications for life history patterns...

... and work requirements of lower-limb musculature and whole-body metabolic energy requirements across a wide variety of human hopping conditions to guide biomechanical models of energy expenditure. Biomechanics Energetics Locomotion Ultrasound, Electromyography University of Queensland...

... important attributes of its life history and biology. Although evolution may guide animals to different sizes, shapes, energetic profiles or ecological niches, it is the laws of physics that limit biological processes and, in turn, affect how animals interact with their environment. Consideration of scaling...

...Amanda McGrosky; Herman Pontzer ABSTRACT Total energy expenditure (TEE) represents the total energy allocated to growth, reproduction and body maintenance, as well as the energy expended on physical activity. Early experimental work in animal energetics focused on the costs of specific tasks (basal...