... of the family Gecarcinidae. Low salinity delays larval development in land crabs, but nothing is known about its influence on the crucial late-stage encapsulated embryonic or immediate post-hatch development. Therefore, we exposed fertilised late-stage embryos of the Christmas Island red crab ( Gecarcoidea...

... the relative thermal sensitivities of embryos of three species of freshwater snail with marked differences in their developmental event timings. Embryos of Lymnaea stagnalis , Radix balthica and Physella acuta were videoed hourly for the duration of their embryonic development at two temperatures: 20°C and 25...

...Ran Li; Qinghao Meng; Jiachen Qi; Lezhen Hu; Jinwei Huang; Yichen Zhang; Jiale Yang; Jinsheng Sun ABSTRACT CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been applied to many arthropods. However, application of this technology to crustaceans remains limited because of the unique characteristics of embryos. Our group...

.... and Hamilton , H. L. ( 1951 ). A series of normal stages in the development of the chick embryo . J. Morphol.   88 , 49 - 92 . 10.1002/jmor.1050880104 Hanemaaijer , J. , Gregorovicova , M. , Nielsen , J. M. , Moorman , A. F. M. , Wang , T. , Planken , R. N. , Christoffels...

..., suggesting a cost of reproduction at high elevation. Transplanted females and females native to different elevations did not differ in reproductive output (clutch size, egg mass, relative clutch mass or embryonic stage at oviposition) or in post-oviposition body condition. Developing embryos reduced heart...

...) are reliable cues to indicate an imminent danger in a specific habitat and often mediate the development of inducible defenses. Amphibian and fish embryos have been shown to acquire this information while at the embryonic stage of development, in relation to the developing nervous system and sensory...

... corticosterone is metabolized, and less than 1% of the corticosterone dose reaches the embryo as free corticosterone. We also found that exogenous dosing of corticosterone, in concentrations sufficient to overwhelm embryonic metabolism, reduces embryonic survival and negatively impacts hatchling traits important...

... status of late-stage embryos. T-treated embryos had a larger body size but a smaller brain than controls. Males had a larger brain than females, controlling for overall size. T treatment differentially affected brain mass and total amount of pro-oxidants in the brain depending on laying order. T...

... embryos and larvae and optimized several techniques for measuring hematological parameters on microliter (0.5–2.0 μl) blood samples. In chronic hypoxia (30% of oxygen saturation), stage-matched embryos and larvae possessed half the Hb concentration, erythrocyte counts and hematocrit observed in normoxia...

..., larval and juvenile crabs exposed to two pH conditions (pH 7.9 and 7.6). Embryos and larvae were split by brood between the pH treatments for 9 days to examine brood-specific responses to low pH. Hatching success did not differ between pH conditions, but ranged from 30% to 95% among broods. Larval...

... developmental stages and to examine whether the effects were more pronounced in larval stages developing in the open ocean. Oxygen consumption rate, total protein, dry mass, total lipids and C/N were determined in late-stage embryos, zoea I larvae and newly settled juveniles reared in ambient pH (7.93±0.06...

... of the sensory system in cuttlefish in ovo . Embryos of stage 23, 25 and 30 received a tactile, chemical or visual stimulus. An increase of mantle contraction rhythm was taken to indicate a behavioral response to the stimulus. We clearly demonstrated that tactile and chemical systems are functional from stage 23...

... embryos of diverse invertebrates may therefore permit vertical migration in nature. I used turbulent and laminar shear flows to investigate: (1) the speed and direction of transport of non-motile and newly swimming stages of the echinoids Dendraster excentricus and Strongylocentrotus purpuratus...

...) on the mesometrial side of the uterus expands as the embryo grows, providing a large vascular area for physiological exchange between mother and embryo. The VDE is already developed in females with newly ovulated eggs, and is situated directly adjacent to the chorioallantois of the embryo when it develops...

... transition is poorly understood. Using eggs of the sphingid moth Manduca sexta , we show that longitudinal tracheae in embryos fill with gas in less than 5 s, without invasion of external air, by a process of cavitation. Cavitation requires that tracheal liquids be under tension, and we propose two...

... physiological evidence in other species. e-mail: [email protected] 21 1 2009 2009 mitochondria-rich cells embryo ion regulation acid–base regulation Homeostasis of body fluids is vital for vertebrates including fish. Compared with terrestrial vertebrates, fish face...

... properties could allow prey to distinguish predator from benign-source vibrations. Red-eyed treefrog embryos detect egg predators using vibrations excited during attacks, hatching rapidly and prematurely to escape. We recorded vibrations in egg clutches during attacks by five species of predators and three...

...Sarah J. Andrewartha; Nicola J. Mitchell; Peter B. Frappell SUMMARY The terrestrial embryos of many amphibians obtain water in two ways; in a liquid phase from the substrate on which eggs are deposited, and in a vapour phase from the surrounding atmosphere. We tested whether the mode of water flux...

...Sheva Khorrami; Hiroshi Tazawa; Warren Burggren SUMMARY The extent to which hematocrit (Hct) is regulated and the impact of altered Hct on blood oxygen transport in avian embryos are largely unknown. Consequently, we investigated how acute blood removal or Ringer solution injection modified Hct...

...H. Arthur Woods; Amy L. Moran SUMMARY We developed a novel diffusion–reaction model to describe spatial and temporal changes in oxygen concentrations in gelatinous egg masses containing live, respiring embryos. We used the model in two ways. First, we constructed artificial egg masses of known...