... . IEEE Trans. Robot. 29 , 945 - 956 . 10.1109/TRO.2013.2255451 Budelli , R. and Caputi , A. A. ( 2000 ). The electric image in weakly electric fish: perception of objects of complex impedance . J. Exp. Biol. 203 , 481 - 492 . 10.1242/jeb.203.3.481 Bullock , T. H...

... ON neurons OFF neurons Intrinsic properties Electric image Early sensory processing Mormyriformes in Africa and Gymnotiformes in America have convergently evolved an active electric sense, which appears to be their most important sensory modality ( Lissmann, 1958 ; Fessard, 1974 ; Bullock...

...: differences between self-generated and conspecific-generated signal carriers . J. Exp. Biol.   204 , 185 - 198 . Assad , C. , Rasnow , B. and Stoddard , P. K. ( 1999 ). Electric organ discharges and electric images during electrolocation . J. Exp. Biol.   202 , 1185 - 1193 . Bal...

... to 380 values). To do so, an interpolated modulation pixel was calculated as the mean modulation of its upper and lower neighbouring pixel on the grid. Fig. 3. Measuring grid to obtain spatial electric images. lEOD recording positions close to the head of a G. petersii ( n =200) are shown...

... gymnotiform electric fish are highly sensitive to phase-frequency distortion of the EOD waveform, implying that the accepted dichotomy between the amplitude- and time-coding systems requires revision. Electroreception Electric color Peripheral coding Electric image Electric fish use an active...

... to recognize different properties of objects based on electrolocation. These properties include the size, distance, impedance and shape of an object based solely on electric image properties ( Budelli and Caputi, 2000 ; von der Emde, 2006 ; von der Emde and Fetz, 2007 ; von der Emde et al., 2010...

... 2012 © 2012. 2012 active senses reafference detection ROC curve sensory scene electric image Electroreception is a sensory modality widely distributed in aquatic animals. Many fish species evolved electroreceptors distributed on their skins that sense the transcutaneous...

... region and the Schnauzenorgan are collimated but differ in the angle at which they are directed onto the sensory surface. To investigate the role of those pre-receptor effects on electrolocation, we recorded electric images of objects at the foveal regions. Furthermore, we used a behavioural response...

...David Babineau; André Longtin; John E. Lewis SUMMARY Weakly electric fish characterize the environment in which they live by sensing distortions in their self-generated electric field. These distortions result in electric images forming across their skin. In order to better understand electric...

... encodes information coming from the whole scene in a manner that may seem ambiguous when seen from a single point and that, in order to extract specific object features, the brain must process the electric image represented over the whole sensory surface. References Bastian, J. ( 1981a...

.... carapo . * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 10 12 2002 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2003 2003 electric image electrosensory electric fish Gymnotus carapo feature discrimination Electric fish explore the near environment by processing...

..., anatomy and physiology . In Electroreception (ed. T. H. Bullock and W. Heiligenberg ), pp. 577 – 612 . New York : Wiley . Budelli , R. and Caputi , A. A. ( 2000 ). The electric image in weakly electric fish: perception of objects of complex impedance . J. Exp. Biol...

...Ruben Budelli; Angel A. Caputi ABSTRACT Weakly electric fish explore the environment using electrolocation. They produce an electric field that is detected by cutaneous electroreceptors; external objects distort the field, thus generating an electric image. The electric image of objects of complex...

... calculating the ratio between two parameters of the electric image that the object projects onto the fish’s skin. Electric fish can not only locate objects but can also analyse their electrical properties. Fish are informed about object impedance by measuring local amplitude changes at their receptor organs...