..., although within the known properties of the muscles, is nevertheless an impressive achievement. Summary: The duration of muscle activation in Cuban tree frogs reveals the limits of muscle power output during jumping. Elastic energy storage Muscle activation Catapult mechanism Work...

... of dynamically adjusting the stiffness of the longitudinal arch of the foot in conjunction with other joints in the leg during running. Longitudinal arch Leg spring Elastic energy storage Foot muscles Running biomechanics The legs of terrestrial animals can be simply modeled as springs...

... the capacity of normal skeletal muscles (reviewed by Alexander, 1995 ). The problem is circumvented in those small insects that have evolved elastic energy storage and release mechanisms in order to catapult their body into the air. Various insects, such as froghoppers ( Burrows, 2006 ), snow fleas ( Burrows...

... for a vertebrate catapult: elastic energy storage in the plantaris tendon during frog jumping . Biol. Lett.   8 , 386 - 389 . 10.1098/rsbl.2011.0982 Bennett , A. F. ( 1985 ). Temperature and muscle . J. Exp. Biol.   115 , 333 - 344 . Bennett , A. F. ( 1990 ). Thermal dependence...

...Carolyn M. Eng; Allison S. Arnold; Andrew A. Biewener; Daniel E. Lieberman ABSTRACT This study examines whether the human iliotibial band (ITB) is specialized for elastic energy storage relative to the chimpanzee fascia lata (FL). To quantify the energy storage potential of these structures, we...

...Neil T. Roach; Daniel E. Lieberman High-speed and accurate throwing is a distinctive human behavior. Achieving fast projectile speeds during throwing requires a combination of elastic energy storage at the shoulder, as well as the transfer of kinetic energy from proximal body segments to distal...

... for ground-dwelling birds such as phasianids. We hypothesized that by making use of elastic energy storage and release, the leg muscles could provide the large power outputs needed for achieving high velocities after takeoff. We investigated the performance of the leg muscles of the guinea fowl Numida...

... extension. It is well known that elastic energy storage is a significant contributor to propulsion in running vertebrates and certain arthropods, where elastic elements are loaded as the center of mass falls during one phase of the locomotor cycle. However, transarticular sclerites are apparently loaded...

... 10 02 2000 © 2000 by Company of Biologists 2000 cuttlefish Sepia officinalis elastic energy storage cephalopod locomotion mantle Cephalopod mantles are used for jet propulsion and respiration. The muscle fibres that generate pressure within the mantle cavity to produce...