...Amadeusz Bryla; Elisavet Zagkle; Edyta T. Sadowska; Mariusz Cichoń; Ulf Bauchinger ABSTRACT Eco-immunology considers resistance to antigens a costly trait for an organism, but actual quantification of such costs is not straightforward. Costs of the immune response are visible in impaired coloration...

... stressor ( Sapolsky, 2002 ; Sapolsky et al., 2000 ). Amphibian CRF Glucocorticoid Eco-immunology Immune function Leukocytes Reproduction Stress physiology Summary: Measures of immune function (blood lymphocytes) but not body condition or reproductive investment are associated...

... were involved in writing the paper. Competing interests The authors declare no competing financial interests. 29 5 2013 23 9 2013 © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2014 Amphibian declines Antimicrobial peptides Predators Competition Eco-immunology...

... susceptibility among host species is widespread, understanding the mechanisms underlying such patterns remains a persistent challenge in eco-immunological research. Our use of a novel method to track parasite infections in vivo within amphibian hosts in combination with experimental immune suppression provides...

... are producing antibodies and how many antibodies are being produced by each cell. These characteristics are measured frequently in traditional immunology, but thus far have not been examined in any eco-immunology study and can provide a fuller picture of humoral immune functioning. An example of how taxa...

.... * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 16 9 2010 © 2010. 2010 eco-immunology fever sickness behaviors acute phase response song sparrow Although the immune system provides critical defense against pathogens, this defense incurs measurable costs in terms...