... the regulation of metamorphosis in amphibians, teleosts, lancelets, tunicates and lampreys. Recent evidence suggests a role for TH regulation of metamorphosis outside of the chordates, including echinoderms, annelids and molluscs. Among echinoderms, TH effects on development as well as underlying signaling...

...Nicholas J. Barrett; Elizabeth M. Harper; Kim S. Last; Helena C. Reinardy; Lloyd S. Peck ABSTRACT Reduced seawater salinity as a result of freshwater input can exert a major influence on the ecophysiology of benthic marine invertebrates, such as echinoderms. While numerous experimental studies have...

...Emma Howell; Abigail Lancaster; Jordan Besh; Bea Richardson; Eileen Gomez; Sophia Harnew-Spradley; Chris Shelley ABSTRACT Despite lacking a brain and having an apparent symmetrically pentaradial nervous system, echinoderms are capable of complex, coordinated directional behavioral responses...

...Morgan McDonald; Natalie Paige Griffin; Emma Howell; Dingchen Li; Sophia Harnew-Spradley; Patrick Rodriguez; Abigail Lancaster; Feza Umutoni; Jordan Besh; Chris Shelley ABSTRACT Echinoderms, such as sea urchins, occupy an interesting position in animal phylogeny in that they are genetically closer...

...Kui Ding; Libin Zhang; Xinhao Fan; Pengji Zhuo; Qiming Feng; Shuangyan Zhang; Xueying Guo; Xiang Liu ABSTRACT Neuropeptides in the SALMFamide family serve as muscle relaxants in echinoderms and may affect locomotion, as the motor behavior in sea cucumbers involves alternating contraction...

... . 10.1080/00785326.1976.10425452 Massin , C. ( 1982 ). Effects of feeding on the environment: Holothuroidea . In Echinoderm Nutrition   (eds M. Jangoux and J. M. Lawrence), pp. 493-497. Rotterdam: A. A. Balkema . McKenzie , J. D. ( 1987 ). The ultrastructure of the tentacles...

... deuterostomes or as a sister group to the hemichordate/echinoderm clade (Ambulacraria), which is a sister group of the Chordata. None of these groups has a single longitudinal nerve cord and a brain. A further complication is that echinoderm nerve cords are not likely to be evolutionarily related...

... echinoderms (e.g. NGFFFamide in sea urchins and NGIWYamide in sea cucumbers), so we investigated NG peptides as candidate regulators of cardiac stomach retraction in starfish. Generation and analysis of neural transcriptome sequence data from A. rubens revealed a precursor protein comprising two copies...

...Henry C. Astley SUMMARY Brittle stars (Ophiuroidea, Echinodermata) are pentaradially symmetrical echinoderms that use five multi-jointed limbs to locomote along the seafloor. Prior qualitative descriptions have claimed coordinated movements of the limbs in a manner similar to tetrapod vertebrates...

...Sarah Jane Murty Hughes; Henry A. Ruhl; Lawrence E. Hawkins; Chris Hauton; Ben Boorman; David S. M. Billett SUMMARY Echinoderms are important components of deep-sea communities because of their abundance and the fact that their activities contribute to carbon cycling. Estimating the echinoderm...

... to trypsin, meaning that it is a polypeptide, and its molecular mass estimated from gel filtration chromatography was 2.4 kDa. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 14 7 2010 © 2010. 2010 catch connective tissue mutable collagenous tissue stiffness echinoderm sea...

... mechanisms of the stiffness changes are discussed. * Author for correspondence ( [email protected] ) 16 2 2010 © 2010. 2010 catch connective tissue mutable collagenous tissue echinoderm sea cucumber water content hydrogel Echinoderms have special connective tissues...

...Maurice R. Elphick; Matthew L. Rowe SUMMARY The myoactive neuropeptide NGIWYamide was originally isolated from the holothurian (sea cucumber) Apostichopus japonicus but there is evidence that NGIWYamide-like peptides also occur in other echinoderms. Here we report the discovery of a gene in the sea...

...Kristina Holm; Samuel Dupont; Helen Sköld; Anna Stenius; Michael Thorndyke; Bodil Hernroth SUMMARY The coelomic fluid of the echinoderm Asterias rubens possesses large populations of circulating coelomocytes. This study aimed to expand the knowledge about the haematopoietic sources of these cells...

... repair/regenerative events (cell proliferation, migration and differentiation) in the majority of animal models appears to depend on a crucial contribution from the nervous system( Brockes, 1987 ; Ferreti and Géraudie,1998 ). In echinoderms, the nervous system plays several roles in regeneration: (1...

... for echinoderms' success. In Echinoderm Biology (ed. R. D. Burke, P. V. Mladenov, P. Lambert and R. L. Parsley), pp. 39 -54. Rotterdam, Brookfield: A. A. Balkema. Motokawa, T. ( 1994 ). Effects of ionic environment on viscosity of Triton-extracted catch connective tissue of a sea cucumber body wall. Comp...

... understood. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 8 9 2005 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2005 2005 thyroid hormone mollusc echinoderm iodine nuclear hormone receptor non-genomic action sea urchin Aplysia Many structurally similar signaling...

...Maurice R. Elphick; Michael C. Thorndyke SUMMARY The SALMFamides are a family of neuropeptides found in species belonging to the phylum Echinodermata. Members of this family have been identified in starfish (class Asteroidea) and in sea cucumbers (class Holothuroidea) but not in other echinoderms...

... light by the spines, which have approximately the correct spacing for the observed resolution. Spatial vision is advantageous for echinoids of this genus because they leave and return to small dark shelters. This first demonstration of spatial vision in an echinoderm sheds further light on the complex...

... of several other drugs with tryptamine and octopamine were also tested. * Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected] ) 26 7 2004 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2004 2004 Amphiura filiformis Echinoderm Ophiosila aranea Ophiopsila californica...