... 2022 © 2022. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd 2022 Summary: Spotted ratfish consume hard prey using jaws made of very flexible cartilage, which is atypical for durophagous predators. Holocephali Feeding Durophagy Cartilaginous fish National Science Foundation...

..., as their predators, in turn, often wield specialized weapons (Chai et al., 2009 ; Constantino et al., 2011 ; Lucas et al., 2008 ; Vermeij, 1987 ; West et al., 1991 ; Zipser and Vermeij, 1978). Fracture of mollusk shells, a common method of durophagy, has been studied primarily in terms of the slow crushing...

... a durophagous raptorial biting mode characterized by large gapes, large gape angles and lack of lateral gape occlusion. The shorter skulls and mandibles of sea otters, along with increased mechanical advantages of the masseter and increased bite force, form a repertoire of functional traits for durophagy. Here...

... that is larger with greater apodeme height and has the stronger closing force. Portunus trituberculatus Durophagy Handedness reversal Autotomy Linked morphogenic and functional regulation Ontogeny Evolution A prominent feature of the chelae of decapod crustaceans is lateral asymmetry...

... , 664 - 682 . 10.1002/jmor.10530 Summers , A. P. (2000). Stiffening the stingray skeleton – an investigation of durophagy in myliobatid stingrays (Chondrichthyes, Batoidea, Myliobatidae) . J. Morphol.   243 , 113 - 126 . 10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(200002)243:2<113::AID-JMOR1>3.0.CO;2...

... predictors of bite force than head size morphometrics (head width and head length). * Author for correspondence ([email protected]) 26 4 2012 11 8 2012 © 2012. 2012 biting performance ontogeny durophagy loggerhead sea turtle competition Vertebrate feeding morphology...

... decrease passive resistance to jaw opening. This divergence from `typical' tendon morphology in the jaw adductors of H. colliei may be particularly important given the demands for high force production in durophagy. References Azizi, E. and Brainerd, E. (2007). Architectural gear ratio and strain...

... durophagy jaw suspension Heterodontus francisci The elasmobranch fishes (sharks, skates and rays) possess highly diverse feeding mechanisms composed of few kinetic elements, making them an ideal group in which to investigate feeding biomechanics and patterns of diversity in cranial morphology...

... of Evolution and Ecology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA (e-mail: [email protected]) 14 7 2000 26 9 2000 © 2000 by Company of Biologists 2000 durophagy feeding crushing motor pattern pharyngeal jaw mollusc function electromyography prey processing...