... and maximize foraging time. Physiological adjustments can be mediated through O 2 consumption, driven by muscle mitochondria, which can also produce reactive oxygen species during reoxygenation. Southern elephant seals spend months foraging at sea, diving for up to 1 h. Pups transition abruptly to aquatic life...

...Andreas Fahlman; Warren Burggren; William K. Milsom ABSTRACT The dive response involves three main components – breath holding, reduced heart rate and increased peripheral vasoconstriction – and is ubiquitous during forced dives in air-breathing vertebrates; however, numerous studies in free-diving...

... accelerometer tags, we developed predictive relationships for assessing energetic costs from swim speed, stroke rate and partial dynamic acceleration. Combining these energetic data with calculated aerobic dive limits for beluga whales (8.8 min), we found that high-speed responses to disturbance markedly reduce...

...Alicia Borque-Espinosa; Karyn D. Rode; Diana Ferrero-Fernández; Anabel Forte; Romana Capaccioni-Azzati; Andreas Fahlman ABSTRACT Walruses rely on sea-ice to efficiently forage and rest between diving bouts while maintaining proximity to prime foraging habitat. Recent declines in summer sea ice have...

... latirostris ) reside exclusively in tropical or subtropical waters. Although potentially providing an energetic benefit through reduced maintenance and thermal costs, little is known about the cascading effects that may alter energy expenditure during activity, dive responses and overall energy budgets...

... foraging sites, they have to develop effective prey search patterns and physiological capacities that enable them to capture sufficient prey to meet their energetic needs. Animals that dive to forage, such as king penguins ( Aptenodytes patagonicus ), need to acquire an adequate breath-hold capacity...

...Anthony B. Lapsansky; Bret W. Tobalske ABSTRACT Alcids, a family of seabirds including murres, guillemots and puffins, exhibit the greatest mass-specific dive depths and durations of any birds or mammals. These impressive diving capabilities have motivated numerous studies on the biomechanics...

...Cassondra L. Williams; Katsufumi Sato; Paul J. Ponganis ABSTRACT Marine turtles spend their life at sea and can rest on the seafloor for hours. As air-breathers, the breath-hold capacity of marine turtles is a function of oxygen (O 2 ) stores, O 2 consumption during dives and hypoxia tolerance...

... contraction with wortmannin (10 µmol l −1 perfusion) approximately doubled baseline stroke volume and cardiac output. We suggest that atrial smooth muscle provides a unique mechanism to control cardiac filling that could be involved in the regulation of stroke volume during diving. All statistical analysis...

.... Foraging Little auks Copepods Diving Climate change Feeding mechanism Trophic flow and food web architecture are conditioned by prey capture techniques ( Garvey and Whiles, 2016 ). In the marine environment, many predators use raptorial feeding, seizing prey items individually, yet the largest...

... foraging mechanisms and extremely large body size to exploit unique ecological niches in the ocean. Scaling Odontocetes Mysticetes Diving Filter feeding Echolocation Researchers have long recognized the importance of body size in biology. The influence of scale is omnipresent throughout...

...Manfred R. Enstipp; Charles-André Bost; Céline Le Bohec; Caroline Bost; Yvon Le Maho; Henri Weimerskirch; Yves Handrich ABSTRACT Little is known about the early life at sea of marine top predators, like deep-diving king penguins ( Aptenodytes patagonicus ), although this dispersal phase is probably...

... its validity during diving, in diving endotherms. Here, we simultaneously deployed accelerometers and heart rate loggers in a wild population of European shags ( Phalacrocorax aristotelis ). Existing calibration relationships were then used to make behaviour-specific estimates of energy expenditure...

... whale, a deep-diving odontocete considered especially sensitive to disturbance. By integrating energetics with swimming behavior and dive characteristics, this study demonstrates the physiological consequences of oceanic noise on diving mammals, and provides a powerful tool for predicting the biological...

...Cassondra L. Williams; James W. Hicks ABSTRACT Mammals and birds maintain high arterial partial pressure of oxygen ( P O 2 ) values in order to preserve near-complete hemoglobin (Hb) oxygen (O 2 ) saturation. In diving mammals and birds, arterial O 2 follows a primarily monotonic decline...

... plasticity of a marine predator in different environments. We measured the oxygen stores and diving behavior of South American sea lions throughout most of its range, allowing us to demonstrate that diving ability and behavior vary across its range. We found no significant differences in mass-specific blood...

... shearwaters combining chick feeding and self-maintenance, bimodal foraging trip durations optimise feeding rates. Foraging strategy Puffinus puffinus Bio-logging GPS Diving Resource allocation between parents and their offspring during reproduction is a central issue in life-history theory...

... of Biologists Ltd 2014 Endothermy Dermochelys coriacea Jellyfish Diving Reptile Specific dynamic action Leatherback turtles, Dermochelys coriacea (Vandelli 1761), forage on gelatinous zooplankton in temperate waters of the North Atlantic Ocean during the summer and autumn ( James et al...

...Colby Moore; Michael Moore; Stephen Trumble; Misty Niemeyer; Betty Lentell; William McLellan; Alexander Costidis; Andreas Fahlman In 1940, Scholander suggested that stiffened upper airways remained open and received air from highly compressible alveoli during marine mammal diving. There are few...

... to the larynx. Toothed cetaceans (Odontoceti) are capable of producing sounds at depth, either for locating prey or for communication. It has been suggested that during dives, air from the lungs and upper respiratory tract can be moved to the vestibular and nasal cavities to permit sound generation to continue...