... thermoregulatory performance of a known thermal window, the avian bill. Thermal window Bird Thermal imaging Body condition Disturbance Thermovascular physiology University of North Carolina Wilmington http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100007810 National Science Foundation http...

... production during torpor. Disturbance Energy saving Social thermoregulation Sugar glider Small endotherms have a high surface area to volume ratio and therefore have to deal with high heat loss and thus high energetic costs when exposed to cold. These energetic costs can be difficult to meet...

... and anthropogenic disturbances can disrupt energy balance by prompting avoidance behaviours that increase transport costs, thereby decreasing foraging efficiency. We examined the ability of 12 free-ranging, juvenile northern elephant seals ( Mirounga angustirostris ) to mitigate the effects of experimentally...

... in nature . Can. J. Zool. 67 , 2098 – 2106 . Denny , M. W. ( 1991 ). Biology, natural selection and the prediction of maximal wave-induced forces . S. Afr. J. mar. Sci. 10 , 353 – 363 . Denny , M. W. ( 1993 ). Disturbance, natural selection and the prediction of maximal...