... strategies of electric fish for unequivocal estimation of object distance and impedance indicate the use of static image parameters and motion-related cues. Active electrolocation Electric image Distance estimation Impedance estimation Electric colour In active sensory systems, recognition...

... to accurately strike at artificial prey, even if none of these typical distance estimation cues are available to them. Specifically, we excluded bilateral binocular stereopsis by occlusion, confounded possible motion parallax cues with an artificially moving prey, and excluded the possibility that beetle larvae...

... reporting outbound travel as decisive in distance estimation ( Srinivasan et al., 1997 ), and others reporting averaging of outbound and inbound journeys ( Otto, 1959 ). The experimental procedures of Otto ( Otto, 1959 ) were similar to those described above for desert ants. The animals’ homebound journeys...

...), pp. 119 -154. New York: Academic Press. Esch, H. E. and Burns, J. E. ( 1995 ). Honeybees use optic flow to measure the distance of a food source. Naturwissenschaften 82 , 38 -40. Esch, H. E. and Burns, J. E. ( 1996 ). Distance estimation by foraging honeybees. J. Exp. Biol. 199 , 155...

... (e-mail: [email protected] ) 4 12 2006 © The Company of Biologists Limited 2007 2007 ant distance estimation acquisition memory decay integration navigation Melophorus bagoti Ants, one of the most abundant groups of insects, exhibit diverse navigational...

...Gunnar Grah; Rüdiger Wehner; Bernhard Ronacher SUMMARY In this study, we investigate the ability of desert ants to gauge the ground distances of sloped sections in a three-dimensional (3D) outbound path. Ground distance estimation, as opposed to a simple measurement of walking distances...

... 9 3 2000 27 1 2000 © 2000 by Company of Biologists 2000 odometry optic flow distance estimation insect vision ant Cataglyphis fortis To perform their remarkable feats of path integration, desert ants must continuously determine the course they have steered...

... 1998 20 4 1998 © The Company of Biologists Limited 1998 praying mantis mechanoreceptor hair plate sensillum distance estimation motion parallax vision Tenodera sinensis We propose that the determination of the speed of the apparent image motion is based on visual...

.... Flight altitude is important for distance estimation by retinal image flow, because objects move faster and farther across the retina when the bee flies closer to the ground. When the forager’s flight behavior is considered, the optical flow hypothesis does not conflict with previous findings...

..., even when the eyes have yet to develop foveal specialization, mantids are capable of this visually controlled behaviour. * Author for correspondence. 07 06 1995 © The Company of Biologists Limited 1995 insect praying mantis spatial vision distance estimation image...

... short distances ( Rossel, 1983 ). It has been questioned for distance estimation in other situations ( Horridge, 1977 ). For example, depth perception in Nemobius ( Goulet, Campan & Lambin, 1981 ) goes well beyond the potentialities of binocular triangulation and, in this case, constant angular...