... of the insect. Hormone release and perception of proteins inside the lumen are involved in the process. Diptera Nematocera Mosquitoes Haematophagous insects Digestion Many haematophagous dipterans belong to the suborder Nematocera and are included in the families Culicidae, Psychodidae...

...-licence-1-1/ Summary: Mosquitoes employ an auxiliary heart, located underneath the thoracic scutellum, to systematically propel hemolymph (insect blood) throughout the veins of the wings. Dorsal vessel Culicidae Hemocoel Vein Auxiliary heart Diptera Many insects rely...

... of holometabolous (Endopterygota) insects within the order Diptera. We show that crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP), FMRFamide and SALDKNFMRFamide increase the contraction rate of the antennal APOs and the heart of Anopheles gambiae . Both antennal hearts are synchronously responsive to these neuropeptides...

... Climate change Stable isotopes Thermal preference Heat increment of feeding Specific dynamic action Tsetse Diptera Animals eat to obtain the energy essential for the basic functions of life – growth, survival and reproduction – but processing food has an inherent energetic cost. The increase...

... tissues of Anopheles quadrimaculatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) . J. Morphol.   94 , 71 - 123 . Jones   J. C. ( 1977 ). The Circulatory System of Insects . Springfield, IL : Charles C. Thomas . King   J. G. , Hillyer   J. F. ( 2012 ). Infection-induced interaction between...

... of the orders Diptera ( Nichols et al., 1999 ; Dulcis et al., 2005 ), Coleoptera ( Wasielewski and Skonieczna, 2008 ), Hemiptera ( Lee and Lange, 2011 ), Lepidoptera ( Lehman et al., 1993 ; Dulcis et al., 2001 ) and Phasmatodea ( Ejaz and Lange, 2008 ; da Silva et al., 2011 ). In these insects, the reported...

... performance ( Wolfram and Juusola, 2004 ). courtship display early experience light spectrum copulation behaviour phenotypic plasticity Diptera © 2011. 2011 9 5 2011 * Author for correspondence ( fradiaz@uv.mx ) A reduction in both light intensity and wavelength...

...T. Eimüller; P. Guttmann; S. N. Gorb SUMMARY For the first time, the terminal elements (spatulae) of setal (hairy)attachment devices of the beetle Gastrophysa viridula (Coleoptera,Chrysomelidae) and the fly Lucilia caesar (Diptera, Calliphoridae)were studied using transmission X-ray microscopy...

...% of each of the dipteran tubules but nowhere within the orthopteran tubule. An alkaline phosphatase lower tubule domain is thus conserved among Diptera. Cell counts are also provided for each species. As in Drosophila ,stellate cells are not found in the lower tubule domain of Anopheles or Aedes tubules...

... effect friction attachment Insecta Diptera syrphid fly During their evolution, insects have evolved two distinctly different mechanisms to attach themselves to a variety of substrata: smooth flexible pads and setose surfaces. Attachment forces mediated by friction or adhesion are usually...

... of an acoustic parasitoid. The fly Ormia ochracea (Diptera, Tachinidae, Ormiini) is a larviparous parasitoid that relies on acoustic cues to detect and localise its host, singing male field crickets (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) ( Cade, 1975 ; Walker, 1986 ). Since the presence of tympanal hearing...

...D. Robert; R. N. Miles; R. R. Hoy ABSTRACT In Diptera, tympanal hearing has evolved at least twice in flies that belong to two different families, the tachinids and the sarcophagids. Common to these flies is their parasitoid reproductive strategy, both relying on the acoustic detection...

... survival Diptera Drosophilidae direct chilling injury thermal ‘hock cryobiology Overwintering insects rely on a variety of physiological and biochemical adaptations to survive low temperature exposure ( Baust and Rojas, 1985 ; Cannon and Block, 1988 ; Duman and Horwath, 1983 ; Lee, 1989...

...A. Roland Ennos ABSTRACT Seven representative species of the order Diptera were filmed in free flight using high-speed cinematography. Insects were killed after filming, and morphological measurements were made in the manner of Ellington (1984 b ) . The detailed kinematics of selected sequences...

...A. Roland Ennos ABSTRACT The magnitude and distribution of the torques caused by inertial and aerodynamic forces on the wings of Diptera in flight are calculated. The bending torque at stroke reversal due to the inertia of the virtual mass of air bound to the wing is only slightly less than...

...A. Roland Ennos ABSTRACT The cause of the changes in wing pitch at stroke reversal in Diptera has been investigated. The high compliance of the wing base makes it seem unlikely that pitch changes are caused by active torsion at the wing articulation. The centre of mass of insect wings tends...

... of Biologists 1988 Diptera flight mechanism We published two papers ( Miyan & Ewing, 1985 a , b ) which proposed a model for dipteran flight that did not incorporate the thoracic ‘click’ mechanism first put forward by Boettiger & Furshpan in 1952 . Pfau (1987) defends the original...

... it. Their pubescence has apparently evolved primarily to improve visual mimicry. 08 05 1987 © 1987 by Company of Biologists 1987 Diptera Syrphidae thermoregulation Adult syrphid flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) visit flowers to forage for nectar and pollen and to search for mates...

.... In the following I analyse this model critically. 02 10 1986 Copyrigh © 1987 by Company of Biologists 1987 Diptera flight mechanism The click mechanism was illustrated by Boettiger & Furshpan (1952 , fig. 3) by diagrammatic cross-section drawings. Pringle (1957) presented...

... the beat, which twist the compliant wing base. 22 09 1986 © 1987 by Company of Biologists 1987 Diptera flight mechanism The morphology of the thorax of the order Diptera has been extensively studied (see Matsuda, 1970 ). There are few functional studies, however...